Head-mounted display apparatus comprising a rotationally asymmetric surface

• US 5,959,780 A
• Filed: 04/23/1996
• Issued: 09/28/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Olympus Optical Corporation Limited (Olympus Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Olympus Optical Corporation Limited (Olympus Corporation)
• Inventors: Togino, Takayoshi, Takahashi, Junko
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): MACK, RICKY LEVERN
• Application Number:
  US08/636,592
• Time in Patent Office: 1,253 Days
• Field of Search: 359/630, 359/631, 359/632, 359/633, 359/636, 359/637, 359/638, 359/639, 359/640, 345/7, 345/8
• US Class Current: 359/630
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/011 comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0178 Eyeglass type eyeglass details G02C
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features

Abstract

A head-mounted image display apparatus capable of providing an observation image which is clear and has minimal distortion even at a wide field angle. The apparatus has an image display device (6), and an ocular optical system (7) for leading an image formed by the image display device (6) to an observer'"'"'s eyeball position without forming an intermediate image so that the image can be observed as a virtual image. The ocular optical system (7) has at least one reflecting surface (4) having reflecting action. The at least one reflecting surface (4) has a surface configuration defined by a plane-symmetry three-dimensional surface which has no axis of rotational symmetry in the surface nor out of the surface, and which has only one plane of symmetry.

Claims

1. A head-mounted image display apparatus comprising:

an image display device; and

an ocular optical system for leading an image formed by said image display device to an observer'"'"'s eyeball position without forming an intermediate image so that said image is observed as a virtual image,

said ocular optical system including at least one reflecting surface having reflecting action,

said at least one reflecting surface having a surface configuration defined by a plane-symmetry free form surface in a three-dimensional space which is a rotationally asymmetric surface, and which has only one plane of symmetry,

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface, and

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and the following condition is satisfied;

6. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball positions,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface, and

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, the plane of symmetry of said plane-symmetry three-dimensional surface lies in either a YZ-plane or a plane parallel to the YZ-plane.

9. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface,

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and the following condition is satisfied:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-0.05<

D.sup.2 XY.sub.max1 <

0.01 (8-3)

where D² XY_max1 denotes a maximum value of absolute values of D² XY at all reflecting surfaces of said ocular optical system when an effective area is defined for each of said reflecting surfaces as being an area formed by intersection of each reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of each reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the Y-axis, which corresponds to a decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² Y2, D² Y1 , D² Y4, D² Y5, D² Y6, and D² Y3 at points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively, and further said equation is differentiated twice with respect to the X-axis, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to said decentering direction, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² X2, D² X1, D² X4, D² X5, D² X6, and D² X3 at the points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively, and D² X2-D² Y2 is denoted by D² XY.

10. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein:

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface,

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and

a first reflecting surface of said ocular optical system as viewed in sequence of backward ray tracing in which light rays are traced from a pupil of said observer'"'"'s eyeball to said image display device satisfies the following condition;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-0.02<

D.sup.2 X.sub.max2 <

-0.005 (11-3)

where D² X_max2 denotes all values of D² X1, D² X2, D² X3, D² X4, D² X5, and D² X6 when an effective area is defined for said first reflecting surface as being an area formed by intersection of said first reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of said first reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the X-axis, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to a decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² X2, D² X1, D² X4, D² X5, D² X6, and D² X3 at points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively.

11. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface,

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and the following condition is satisfied:

13. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein:

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which sa id axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface,

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and the following condition is satisfied;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-0.01<

D.sup.2 XY.sub.max7 <

0.01 (16-4)

where D² XY_max7 denotes all values of D² Xn-D² Yn (n is 1 to

     6) at all reflecting surfaces of said ocular optical system when an effective area is defined for each of said reflecting surfaces as being an area formed by intersection of each reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of each reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the Y-axis, which corresponds to a Decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² Y2, D² Y1, D² Y4, D² Y5, D² Y6, and D² Y3 at points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively, and further said equation is differentiated twice with respect to the X-axis, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to said decentering direction, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² X2, D² X1, D² X4, D² X5, D² X6, and D² X3 at the points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively.

14. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said reflecting surface is formed by a back-coated reflecting mirror having a medium with a refractive index (n) larger than 1 (n>

1).

15. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said ocular optical system includes at least three surfaces, which are a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface at least one of said three surfaces being formed by said back-coated reflecting mirror.

17. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said ocular optical system includes a prism member having at least a third surface facing said image display device, a first surface facing said observer'"'"'s eyeball position, and a second surface facing both said first surface and said third surface across a medium having a refractive index (n) larger than 1 (n>

1),

said prism member being arranged such that an axial principal ray emanating from said image display device is reflected by at least said first surface, and then reflected by said second surface, and the reflected ray finally passes through said first surface to exit from said prism member,

at least a region of said first surface which has reflecting action being formed by said plane-symmetry three-dimensional surface.

18. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said prism member is arranged and said image display device is disposed such that reflection at said first surface is total reflection with respect to at least the axial principal ray.

19. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said first surface and said second surface have respective concave surfaces directed toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

20. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said first surface and said second surface have respective concave surfaces directed toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

21. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said first surface and said third surface are each formed from a plane-symmetry free form surface each having only one plane of symmetry.

22. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said first surface and the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said third surface are the same plane.

23. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said first surface and said second surface are each formed from a plane-symmetry free form surface which has only one plane of symmetry.

24. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said first surface and the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said second surface are the same plane.

25. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said first surface, said second surface and said third surface are each formed from a plane-symmetry free form surface each having only one plane of symmetry.

26. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said first surface and the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said second surface and further the only one plane of symmetry of the plane-symmetry free form surface that forms said third surface are the same plane.

27. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said first surface and said second surface have respective concave surfaces directed toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

28. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said first surface has a rotationally symmetric spherical surface configuration.

29. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 25, wherein said second surface has a concave surface directed toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

30. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said first surface has a plane surface configuration.

31. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said second surface has a concave surface directed toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

32. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 13 wherein said prism member includes a third surface facing said image display device, a fourth surface which reflects an axial principal ray entering said prism member through said third surface toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position, a first surface which reflects the axial principal ray reflected by said fourth surface away from said observer'"'"'s eyeball position and a second surface which reflects the axial principal ray reflected by said first surface toward said observer'"'"'s eyeball position.

2. 14<

D² Y10<

5 (19-1)

where D² Y10 denotes a value determined by dividing D² Y2 at a final reflecting surface of said ocular optical system as viewed in sequence of backward ray tracing in which light rays are traced from a pupil of said observer'"'"'s eyeball to said image display device by D² Y2 at a first reflecting surface of said ocular optical system in the sequence of said backward ray tracing when an effective area is defined for each of said final and first reflecting surfaces as being an area formed by intersection of each reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of each reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the Y-axis, which corresponds to a decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² Y2, D² Y1, D² Y4, D² Y5, D² Y6, and D² Y3 at points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively.

3. A head-mounted image display apparatus comprising:

an image display device; and

an ocular optical system for leading an image formed by said image display device to an observer'"'"'s eyeball position without forming an intermediate image so that said image is observed as a virtual image,

said ocular optical system including at least one reflecting surface having reflecting action,

said at least one reflecting surface having a surface configuration defined by a plane-symmetry free form surface in a three-dimensional space which is a rotationally asymmetric surface, and which has only one plane of symmetry,

a Z-axis is taken in a direction of prolongation of a line segment along which an axial principal ray from a center of an image display area of said image display device emanates from said ocular optical system and reaches a center of said observer'"'"'s eyeball position,

a Y-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to said Z-axis in a plane containing a folded line segment along which said axial principal ray is reflected by said reflecting surface,

an X-axis is taken in a direction perpendicular to both said Z- and Y-axes, and

a final reflecting surface of said ocular optical system as viewed in sequence of backward ray tracing in which light rays are traced from a pupil of said observer'"'"'s eyeball to said image display device satisfies the following condition;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">0.55<

D.sup.2 XY11<

4.0 (20-1)

where D² XY11 denotes a value of D² X2/D² Y2 when an effective area is defined for said final reflecting surface as being an area formed by intersection of said final reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of said final reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the Y-axis, which corresponds to a decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² Y2, D² Y1, D² Y4, D² Y5, D² Y6, and D² Y3 at points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively, and further said equation is differentiated twice with respect to the X-axis, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to said decentering direction, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² X2, D² X1, D² X4, D² X5, D² X6, and D² X3 at the points where said six principal rays strike said surface, respectively.

4. A head-mounted image display apparatus comprising:

an image display device; and

an ocular optical system for leading an image formed by said image display device to an observer'"'"'s eyeball position without forming an intermediate image so that said image is observed as a virtual image,

said ocular optical system including at least one reflecting surface having reflecting action,

said at least one reflecting surface having a surface configuration defined by a plane-symmetry free form surface in a three-dimensional space which is a rotationally asymmetric surface, and which has only one plane of symmetry, and

wherein a final reflecting surface of said ocular optical system as viewed in sequence of backward ray tracing in which light rays are traced from a pupil of said observer'"'"'s eyeball to said image display device satisfies the following condition;

7. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein at least one of a reflective refracting power of said axial principal ray reflecting region of said reflecting surface in the YZ-plane and a reflective refracting power of said axial principal ray reflecting region in a plane perpendicular to the YZ-plane is positive.

8. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein both a reflective refracting power of said axial principal ray reflecting region of said reflecting surface in the YZ-plane and a reflective refracting power of said axial principal ray reflecting region in a plane perpendicular to the YZ-plane are positive.

5. 3<

CXY11<

4.0 (32-1)

where CXY11 denotes a value of CX2/CY2 when an effective area is defined for said final reflecting surface as being an area formed by intersection of said final reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right corner of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and curvatures in the X-axis direction, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to a decentering direction of said final reflecting surface, are determined at points in said effective area at which said six principal rays strike said final reflecting surface from an equation which defines a configuration of said final reflecting surface as being CX2, CX1, CX4, CX5, CX6 and CX3, respectively, and further, curvatures at said points in the Y-axis direction, which corresponds to said decentering direction, are determined as being CY2, CY1, CY4, CY5, CY6 and CY3, respectively.

12. -0. 005<

D² X_max5 <

0.005 (14-5)

where D² X_max5 denotes values D² X1-D² X3 and D² X4-D² X6 at all reflecting surfaces of said ocular optical system when an effective area is defined for each of said reflecting surfaces as being an area formed by intersection of each reflecting surface and six principal rays, which are, with the Y-axis direction defined as a vertical direction, an axial principal ray in the Z-axis direction corresponding to a center of an image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of an upper edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to an upper-right corner of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a right-hand edge of the image field, a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a lower-right comer of the image field, and a principal ray in a field angle direction corresponding to a center of a lower edge of the image field, and an equation which defines a configuration of each reflecting surface is differentiated twice in the effective area with respect to the X-axis, which corresponds to a direction perpendicular to a decentering direction of said surface, thereby obtaining second-order differential values D² X2, D² X1, D² X4, D² X5, D² X6, and D² X3 at points where said six principal rays strikes said surface, respectively.

16. A head-mounted image display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said ocular optical system includes a prism member having at least a third surface facing said image display devices a first surface facing said observer'"'"'s eyeball positions and a second surface facing both said first surface and said third surface across a medium having a refractive index (n) larger than 1 (n>

1),

said second surface being formed by said reflecting surface.