Method and apparatus for interfacing two remotely disposed devices coupled via a transmission medium

• US 5,960,216 A
• Filed: 02/15/1996
• Issued: 09/28/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Original Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Inventors: Vishlitzky, Natan, Ofek, Yuval, Shklarsky, Gadi
• Primary Examiner(s): Rinehart, Mark H.
• Application Number:
  US08/601,733
• Time in Patent Office: 1,321 Days
• Field of Search: 395/894, 395/853, 395/726, 395/861, 395/858, 395/182.04, 395/200.43, 395/200.46, 395/825, 395/851, 711/162
• US Class Current: 710/74
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2066 Optimisation of the communication load
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2071 using a plurality of controllers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2074 Asynchronous techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2079 Bidirectional techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2082 Data synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2003/0697 device management, e.g. handlers, drivers, I/O schedulers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0601 Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0608 Saving storage space on storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/065 Replication mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0661 Format or protocol conversion arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0689 Disk arrays, e.g. RAID, JBOD
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1217 on discs
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1095 Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/26 Special purpose or proprietary protocols or architectures network applications for proprietary or special purpose networking environments H04L67/12
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/40 for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection management of faults, events, alarms or notifications in data switching networks H04L41/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99942 Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation

Abstract

A method and apparatus for interfacing two ESCON compatible devices over a communication channel that is not dedicated solely to ESCON communication, such as a public communication network or links, for example, a T1 or T3 line. The devices may include a master storage device and a mirroring storage device disposed at remote locations. In one embodiment, the devices communicate using the ESCON protocol. In other embodiments, the devices communicate using modified versions of the ESCON protocol that have a reduced number of handshakes to improve performance.

Claims

1. A computer system comprising:

a central processing unit (CPU);

a first storage system that is coupled to the CPU so that the CPU can store information in the first storage system;

a second storage system;

a communication link coupling, via the first storage system, the second storage system to the CPU so that the CPU can store information in the second storage system, the communication link comprising a data communication line operable within a public communication network; and

means for establishing communication between the first and second storage systems over the communication link in accordance with a communication protocol having fewer transactions per operation than the ESCON protocol.

2. The computer system of claim 1, further including mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

3. The computer system of claim 2, wherein the mirroring means includes:

first means, disposed in the first storage system, for transmitting the at least some of the information stored in the first storage system to the second storage system; and

second means, disposed in the second storage system, for storing in the second storage system the at least some of the information transmitted from the first storage system.

4. The computer system of claim 3, wherein the mirroring means further includes:

third means, disposed in the first storage system, for transmitting a request to the second storage system to transmit at least one information frame stored in the second storage system to the first storage system; and

fourth means, disposed in the second storage system, for transmitting the at least one information frame to the first storage system in response to receipt of the request.

5. The computer system of claim 1, further including means for establishing communication between the CPU and the first storage system in accordance with the ESCON protocol.

6. The computer system of claim 5, wherein the communication link extends between the first and second storage systems such that the second storage system is coupled to the CPU via the first storage system.

7. The computer system of claim 6, further including mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

8. The computer system of claim 6, further including means for establishing communication between the first and second storage systems over the communication link in accordance with the ESCON protocol.

9. The computer system of claim 1, further including means for establishing communication between the first and second storage systems over the communication link in accordance with the ESCON protocol.

10. The computer system of claim 9, further including mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

11. The computer system of claim 10, further including means for establishing communication between the CPU and the first storage system in accordance with the ESCON protocol.

12. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the CPU is a first CPU, and wherein the system further includes a second CPU coupled to the second storage system.

13. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the data communication line is selected from the family of T-carriers.

37. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the second storage system comprises:

a storage buffer capable of simultaneously storing no more than N data frames received over the communication link from the first storage system;

means for transmitting a request to the first storage system requesting that a number of data frames greater than N be transferred over the communication link from the first storage system to the second storage system; and

receiving means for receiving all of the number of requested data frames from the first storage system in a single data transmission.

38. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the receiving means includes means for storing at least one of the N data frames in the storage buffer.

39. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the receiving means is capable of processing data frames received over the communication link at a maximum data processing rate, and wherein the communication link has a data frame transmission rate that is less than the maximum data processing rate of the receiving means.

40. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the second storage system includes means for receiving a command from the first storage system indicating that the first storage system will transmit the number of data frames to the second storage system;

and

wherein the means for transmitting the request to the first storage system is responsive to receipt of the command.

41. The computer system of claim 40, wherein the second storage system further includes means for transmitting a command response frame to the first storage system in response to receipt of the command, the command response frame indicating that the command was received by the second storage system.

42. The computer system of claim 41, wherein the second storage system further includes means for receiving an accept command response frame from the first storage system along with the number of requested data frames in the single data transmission, the accept command response frame indicating that the command response frame was received by the first storage system.

43. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the second storage system further includes means for transmitting a status of operation frame to the first storage system in response to receipt of a last of the number of requested data frames, the status of operation frame indicating the number of data frames received by the second storage system.

44. The computer system of claim 37, wherein the second storage system further includes:

means for transmitting a command frame to the first storage system indicating a second number of data frames to be transmitted from the second storage system to the first storage system;

means for receiving a command response frame from the first storage system indicating that the command frame was received by the first storage system;

means for receiving a data request frame from the first storage system requesting that the second number of data frames be transmitted by the second storage system; and

means for transmitting the second number of data frames in a second single data transmission in response to receipt of the data request frame.

45. The computer system of claim 44, wherein the second storage system further includes means for transmitting an accept command response frame to the first storage system in the second single data transmission, the accept command response frame preceding a first of the second number of data frames.

46. The computer system of claim 44, wherein the second storage system further includes:

means for receiving a status of operation frame from the first storage system, the status of operation frame indicating a number of data frames received by the first storage system; and

means for, when the number of data frames received by the first storage system matches the second number of data frames transmitted by the second storage system, transmitting a status accepted frame to the first storage system.

47. The computer system of claim 44, wherein the second storage system further includes means for transmitting the command frame to the first storage system along with the second number of data frames in the second single data transmission, the command frame indicating the number of data frames included in the second single data transmission.

48. The computer system of claim 44, wherein the transmitting of the second number of data frames is required by a first operation executed by the second storage system, and wherein the second storage system further includes:

means for receiving a status of operation frame from the first storage system, the status of operation frame indicating that the second number of data frames was received by the first storage system;

means for, after the status of operation frame is received, transmitting a status accepted frame to the first storage system indicating that the status of operation frame was accepted by the second storage system; and

means for beginning execution of a second operation without awaiting receipt of an acknowledge frame from the first storage system indicating that the status accepted frame was received by the first storage system.

49. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the second storage system further includes:

a storage buffer capable of simultaneously storing no more than N data frames received over the communication link from the first storage system;

a transmitter that transmits a request to the first storage system requesting that a number of data frames greater than N be transferred over the communication link from the first storage system to the second storage system; and

a receiver that receives all of the number of requested data frames from the first storage system in a single data transmission.

50. The computer system of claim 49, wherein the receiver stores at least one of the N data frames in the storage buffer.

51. The computer system of claim 49, wherein the receiver is capable of processing data frames received over the communication link from the first storage system at a maximum data processing rate, and wherein the communication link has a data frame transmission rate that is less than the maximum data processing rate of the receiver.

52. The computer system of claim 49, wherein the first storage system transmits a command indicating that the first storage system will transmit the number of data frames to the second storage system, and wherein the transmitter transmits the request to the first storage system in response to receipt of the command.

53. The computer system of claim 52, wherein the transmitter further transmits a command response frame to the first storage system in response to receipt of the command, the command response frame indicating that the command was received by the second storage system.

54. The computer system of claim 49, wherein the transmitter further transmits a status of operation frame to the first storage system in response to receipt of a last of the number of requested data frames, the status of operation frame indicating the number of data frames received by the second storage system.

55. The computer system of claim 49, wherein:

the transmitter transmits a command frame to the first storage system indicating a second number of data frames to be transmitted from the second storage system to the first storage system; and

the transmitter transmits the second number of data frames in a second single data transmission in response to receipt of a data request frame from the first storage system requesting that the second number of data frames be transmitted by the second storage system.

56. The computer system of claim 55, wherein the transmitter further transmits an accept command response frame to the first storage system in the second single data transmission, the accept command response frame preceding a first of the second number of data frames.

57. The computer system of claim 55, wherein the first storage system transmits a status of operation frame indicating a number of data frames received by the first storage system, and wherein when the number of data frames received by the first storage system matches the second number of data frames transmitted by the second storage system, the transmitter transmits a status accepted frame to the first storage system.

58. The computer system of claim 57, wherein the transmitter transmits the command frame to the first storage system along with the second number of data frames in the second single data transmission, the command frame indicating the number of data frames included in the second single data transmission.

14. A computer system comprising:

a central processing unit (CPU);

a first storage system that is coupled to the CPU so that the CPU can store information in the first storage system;

means for establishing communication between the CPU and the first storage system in accordance with the ESCON protocol;

a second storage system;

a communication link coupling the first and second storage systems; and

means for establishing communication between the first and second storage systems over the communication link in accordance with a communication protocol having fewer transactions per operation than the ESCON protocol.

15. The computer system of claim 14 further including mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

16. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the communication link comprises a data line selected from the family of T-carriers, and wherein the computer system further includes mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

17. The computer system of claim 14, wherein the communication link has a distance greater than 80 km.

18. The computer system of claim 17, further including mirroring means, distributed between the first and second storage systems, for mirroring at least some of the information stored in the first storage system in the second storage system.

19. In a computer system including a central processing unit (CPU) and a first storage system that is coupled to the CPU so that the CPU can store data in the first storage system, a method of protecting against a loss of at least some of the data stored in the first storage system, the method comprising the steps of:

(A) disposing a second storage system at a location remote from a location of the first storage system;

(B) coupling the second storage system to the first storage system with a data communication line operable within a public communication network;

(C) communicating the at least some of the data stored in the first storage system over the data line from the first storage system to the second storage system using a protocol having fewer transactions per operation than the ESCON protocol; and

(D) storing the at least some of the data communicated over the data line in the second storage system so that the second storage system mirrors the at least some of the data stored in the first storage system.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the CPU and the first storage system communicate using the ESCON protocol.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the CPU is a first CPU, and wherein the method further includes a step of coupling the second storage system to a second CPU.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein step (A) includes a step of disposing the second storage system at a location that is at least 80 km away from the location of the first storage system.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the second storage system includes a buffer capable of simultaneously storing N data frames received from the first storage device over the data line, and wherein step (C) includes a step of communicating the at least some of the data stored in the first storage system over the data line in a single data transmission that includes a number of data frames greater than N.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein step (B) includes a data communication line selected from the family of T-carriers.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein step (C) includes a step of communicating data frames from the first storage system to the second storage system, wherein the second storage system includes a storage buffer capable of simultaneously storing no more than N data frames received over the data communication line from the first storage system, and wherein step (C) further includes steps of:

transmitting a request from the second storage system to the first storage system requesting that a number of data frames greater than N be transferred from the first storage system to the second storage system; and

transmitting all of the number of requested data frames from the first storage system in a single data transmission.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the second storage system is capable of processing data frames received over the data communication line from the first storage system at a maximum data processing rate, and wherein step (B) further comprises a step of implementing the data communication line with a transmission medium having a data frame transmission rate that is less than the maximum data processing rate of the second storage system.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein step (C) includes a step of transmitting the request in response to receipt of a command from the first storage system, the command instructing the second storage system that the first storage system will transmit the number of data frames to the second storage system.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the command instructs the second storage system that the first storage system will transmit M data frames to the second storage system, wherein M is greater than N, and wherein step (C) includes steps of:

transmitting a single request from the second storage system to the first storage system requesting that all of the M data frames be transmitted from the first storage system to the second storage system; and

transmitting, in response to the request, all of the M data frames from the first storage system in a single data transmission.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein step (B) includes a step of implementing the data communication link as one of the family of T-carriers.

30. The method of claim 19, wherein the first storage system and the CPU communicate using the ESCON protocol.

31. The method of claim 19, wherein step (C) includes a step of communicating data frames from the first storage system to the second storage system, the second storage system including a storage buffer capable of simultaneously storing no more than N data frames received over the data communication line from the first storage system, and wherein step (C) further includes a step of transmitting a number of data frames greater than N over the data communication line from the first storage system to the second storage system in a single data transmission.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the second storage system is capable of processing data frames received over the data communication line at a maximum data processing rate, and wherein step (B) further includes a step of implementing the data communication line with a transmission medium having a data frame transmission rate that is less than the maximum data processing rate of the second storage system.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the number of data frames is transmitted from the first storage system to the second storage system during execution of a command by the first storage system, the command requiring that a block of data including M data frames be transmitted from the first storage system to the second storage system, wherein M is greater than N, and wherein:

step (C) includes a step of transmitting all of the M data frames from the first storage system to the second storage system in the single data transmission.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein step (B) includes a step of implementing the data communication link as one of the family of T-carriers.

35. The method of claim 31, further including a step of, prior to step (C), transmitting the number of data frames from the CPU to the first storage system.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of transmitting the number of data frames from the CPU to the first storage device includes transmitting the number of data frames in accordance with the ESCON protocol.