Method of fabricating optical fiber doped with rare earth element using volatile complex

• US 5,961,682 A
• Filed: 11/12/1996
• Issued: 10/05/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/12/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Inventors: Lee, Yong-woo, Guryanov, Alexey Nikolaevich, Khopin, Vladimir Fedororich, Gusovsky, Dmitry D.
• Primary Examiner(s): HOFFMANN, JOHN M
• Application Number:
  US08/745,653
• Time in Patent Office: 1,057 Days
• Field of Search: 65/422, 65/390, 65/399, 65/384, 65/417, 65/426
• US Class Current: 65/384
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/12 doped with fluorine C03B2201/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/28 doped with phosphorus
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/34 doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2201/36 doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2207/81 Constructional details of the feed line, e.g. heating, insulation, material, manifolds, filters
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 2207/90 with vapour generated from solid glass precursors, i.e. by sublimation
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 37/01807 Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners

Abstract

A method of fabricating an optical fiber doped with a rare earth component using a volatile complex, which flattens the light frequency response under a stimulated emission of radiation principle using a modified chemical vapor deposition method. Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) and oxygen are injected into a quartz reaction tube under a heating process, so that a cladding layer is repeatedly deposited. Then, a volatile organic metal chelate, silicon tetrachloride and oxygen are injected into the quartz reaction tube, and then heated and water-cooled to form a porous layer. At the same time, a rare earth element is deposited on the porous layer, to thereby form a core layer. Thereafter, via a high heating process, a preform is completed. Then, an optical fiber is obtained from the preform via a drawing-out process. Here, hydroxide ions (OH^-) which occur as the organic ligand is volatilized and cause an optical loss of the optical fiber is removed as the porous layer is formed by the water-cooling, and an added rare earth content is easily controlled, so that the rare earth with high concentration is evenly distributed. Also, since the core laver adopts SiO₂ and Al₂ O₃ as a host material instead of GeO₂, the difference in a refractive index between the cladding and core layers becomes greater then 0.025, to thereby provide the optical fiber with excellent optical characteristics.

Claims

1. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform by a modified chemical deposition method comprising:

forming a cladding layer;

forming a porous core layer on the cladding layer by sequentially heating and actively cooling an outer surface of said cladding layer through which passes a mixture of SiCl₄, O₂ and at least one volatile metal organic complex comprising rare earth ions and a ligand; and

removing hydroxide ions (OH^-) from said porous core layer by reacting CCl₄ with additional O₂, and reacting Cl₂ gas obtained through the reaction between said CCl₄ and said additional O₂ with said hydroxide ions (OH^-).

2. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein said core layer is made without germanium.

3. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein a method of forming said cladding layer comprises the steps of mixing SiCl₄, POCl₃, and O₂, and of externally heating said mixture of SiCl₄, POCl₃, and O₂.

4. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture of SiCl₄, O₂ and at least one volatile metal organic complex further comprises at least one of a group consisting of Al₂ Cl₆ and SiF₄.

5. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein a difference in the refractive index between said cladding layer and said porous core layer is above 0.015.

6. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ligand is composed of a cyclopentadien or a chelate compound.

7. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 6, wherein said cyclopentadien is composed of the group consisting of tris-cyclopentadienyl and tris-isopropylcyclopentadienyl.

8. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 6, wherein said rare earth ions are selected from the ions of an element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Er and Yb.

9. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 6, wherein said chelate compound is composed of one of a group consisting of acetylacetone, dipivaloilmethane, trifluoracetylacetone and hexafluoracetylacetone.

10. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform by a modified chemical deposition method, comprising:

forming a cladding layer;

forming a core layer on the cladding layer using SiCl₄, O₂ and at least one volatile metal organic complex comprising rare earth ions and a ligand; and

removing hydroxide ions (OH^-) from said core layer by reacting CCl₄ with additional O₂, and reacting Cl₂ gas obtained through the reaction between said CCl₄ and said additional O₂ with said hydroxide ions (OH^-).

11. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein said core layer is made without germanium.

12. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein a heating process is simultaneously performed when said Cl₂ gas reacts with said hydroxide ions (OH^-).

13. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein a method of forming said cladding layer comprises the steps of mixing SiCl₄, POCl₃, and O₂, and of externally heating the mixture of the SiCl₄, POCl₃, and O₂.

14. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein said core layer is porous.

15. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 14, wherein the method of forming said porous core layer comprises the steps of mixing said SiCl₄, and O₂ with at least one volatile metal organic complex comprising rare earth ions, and of sequentially externally heating and water cooling the mixture of SiO₄, O₂ and at least one volatile organic complex.

16. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 15, wherein at least one of Al₂ Cl₆ or SiF₄ is added during the mixing step for forming said porous core layer.

17. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein a difference in the refractive index between said cladding layer and said porous core layer is above 0.015.

18. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 10, wherein said ligand is composed of a cyclopentadien or a chelate compound.

19. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 18, wherein said cyclopentadien is composed of one of a group consisting of tris-cyclopentadienyl and tris-isopropylcyclopentadienyl.

20. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 19, wherein said rare earth ions are selected from the ions of an element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Er and Yb.

21. A method of fabricating an optical fiber preform as claimed in claim 18, wherein said chelate compound is composed of one of a group consisting of acetylacetone, dipivaloilmethane, trifluoracetylacetone and hexafluoracetylacetone.