Electrochemical capacitor
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical capacitor comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode and the cathode comprising:
- an electrode substrate;
a porous coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a metal oxide and having a surface area of greater than 30 m2 /g, a porosity in the range of 10 to 80%, a mean grain size between 2 and 100 nm, and a mean pore size of between 0.5 and 20 nm; and
an electrolyte in contact with the coating,wherein the metal oxide comprises an anion and a cation in a non-stoichiometric ratio.
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Abstract
An inexpensive porous metal oxide material having high surface area, good conductivity and high specific capacitance is advantageously used in an electrochemical capacitor. The materials are formed in a sol-gel process which affords control over the properties of the resultant metal oxide materials.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. An electrochemical capacitor comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode and the cathode comprising:
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an electrode substrate; a porous coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a metal oxide and having a surface area of greater than 30 m2 /g, a porosity in the range of 10 to 80%, a mean grain size between 2 and 100 nm, and a mean pore size of between 0.5 and 20 nm; and an electrolyte in contact with the coating, wherein the metal oxide comprises an anion and a cation in a non-stoichiometric ratio. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An electrochemical capacitor formed according to a process comprising the steps of:
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coating onto a pair of electrode substrates a sol comprising metal oxide colloidal particles of between 2 and 100 nm in diameter; drying the sol onto the substrates to form a xerogel; firing the xerogel in an atmosphere at a temperature that does not destroy the porous microstructure of the xerogel, for a time sufficient to yield on the substrates a porous metal oxide material that comprises an anion and a cation in a non-stoichiometric ratio, the material having a surface area of greater than 30 m2 /g, a porosity in the range of 10 to 80%, a mean grain size between 2 and 100 nm, and a mean pore size of between 0.5 and 20 nm, to form a pair of electrodes; and immersing the electrodes into an electrolyte. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An electrode comprising:
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an electrode substrate; a porous coating on the substrate, the coating comprising a metal oxide that comprises an anion and a cation in a non-stoichiometric ratio, the coating having a surface area of greater than 50 m2 /g, a porosity in the range of 10 to 80%, and a mean pore size of between 0.5 and 20 nm. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20)
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21. An electrochemical capacitor consisting of:
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a pair of electrode substrates; a porous coating on the substrates, the coating comprising a metal oxide that comprises an anion and a cation in a non-stoichiometric ratio, the coating having a surface area of greater than 30 m2 /g, a porosity in the range of 10 to 80%, a mean grain size between 2 and 100 nm, and a mean pore size of between 0.5 and 20 nm; and an electrolyte in contact with the coating.
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Specification