Subcutaneous glucose electrode
First Claim
1. A method of calibrating an electrochemical sensor, comprising steps of:
- withdrawing only a single calibration sample from an animal;
assaying a concentration of an analyte in the single calibration sample; and
correlating the assayed concentration to at least one signal generated by at least one working electrode implanted in the animal to provide a single point, in vivo calibration of the electrochemical sensor, wherein an analyte-responsive sensing layer is disposed on at least one working electrode.
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Abstract
A small diameter flexible electrode designed for subcutaneous in vivo amperometric monitoring of glucose is described. The electrode is designed to allow "one-point" in vivo calibration, i.e., to have zero output current at zero glucose concentration, even in the presence of other electroreactive species of serum or blood. The electrode is preferably three or four-layered, with the layers serially deposited within a recess upon the tip of a polyamide insulated gold wire. A first glucose concentration-to-current transducing layer is overcoated with an electrically insulating and glucose flux limiting layer (second layer) on which, optionally, an immobilized interference-eliminating horseradish peroxidase based film is deposited (third layer). An outer (fourth) layer is biocompatible.
1513 Citations
36 Claims
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1. A method of calibrating an electrochemical sensor, comprising steps of:
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withdrawing only a single calibration sample from an animal; assaying a concentration of an analyte in the single calibration sample; and correlating the assayed concentration to at least one signal generated by at least one working electrode implanted in the animal to provide a single point, in vivo calibration of the electrochemical sensor, wherein an analyte-responsive sensing layer is disposed on at least one working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. A method of measuring the concentration of a biochemical in an animal comprising:
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implanting at least one working electrode of an electrochemical sensor into an animal, each working electrode having a sensing layer comprising an analyte responsive enzyme disposed on the working electrode; withdrawing a single calibration sample from the animal; assaying an analyte concentration of the single calibration sample; correlating the assayed analyte concentration to a signal generated at the at least one working electrode implanted in the animal to provide a single point in vivo calibration of the electrochemical sensor; contacting body fluid of the animal with the electrochemical sensor to generate an electrical signal; and determining from the generated electrical signal the concentration of a biochemical in the body fluid.
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36. A method of calibrating an electrochemical sensor, comprising steps of:
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withdrawing only a single calibration sample from an animal; assaying a concentration of an analyte in the single calibration sample; and correlating the assayed concentration to at least one signal generated by at least one working electrode implanted in the animal to provide a single point, in vivo calibration of the electrochemical sensor, wherein the electrochemical sensor further comprises a means for reducing diffusion of interferents to at lent one working electrode.
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Specification