Power generating building panels and methods for their manufacture

• US 5,968,287 A
• Filed: 05/16/1997
• Issued: 10/19/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: United Solar Systems Corp.
• Inventors: Nath, Prem
• Primary Examiner(s): GOODROW, JOHN L
• Application Number:
  US08/858,033
• Time in Patent Office: 886 Days
• Field of Search: 136/251, 136/254, 136/291, 52/173.3 R, 52/509, 52/506.1
• US Class Current: 136/251
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/048 Encapsulation of modules
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 20/23 specially adapted for roof structures
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/10 Photovoltaic [PV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/50 Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

A photovoltaic building structure comprises a number of interlockable building panels having photovoltaic generator devices supported thereupon. The photovoltaic devices may be attached to the panels by a vacuum lamination process in which a flexible, air impermeable membrane covers a stack of layers being laminated to the panel. Evacuation of air from between the membrane and panel causes the lamination stack to be compressed against the panel, and a pressure and/or heat activatable adhesive is employed to adhere the various layers to the panel. Installation of the panels is in accord with standard building techniques, and the presence of the photovoltaic generators does not change the mechanical characteristics of the panels.

Claims

1. A building structure comprising:

a plurality of sheet metal panels, each panel having;

a generally planar, central pan portion defined thereupon, a first connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a first edge of said panel, and a second connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a second edge of said panel, said first connector flange of each panel being capable of lockably engaging a second connector flange of another panel, whereby said panels may be lockably joined together;

a plurality of flexible, thin film, photovoltaic generator units, each comprising;

a flexible, thin film photovoltaic device having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a body of laminating material encapsulating said photovoltaic device, a first lead in electrical communication with said positive electrode and a second lead in electrical communication with said negative electrode;

each of said photovoltaic generator units being affixed to the central pan portion of a respective one of said panels.

2. A building structure as in claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic generator units are adhesively affixed to said panels.

3. A building structure as in claim 2, wherein said photovoltaic generator units are adhesively affixed to said panels by a heat activatable adhesive.

4. A building structure as in claim 2, wherein said photovoltaic generator units are adhesively affixed to said panels by a chemically curing adhesive.

5. A building structure as in claim 2, wherein said photovoltaic generator units are adhesively affixed to said panels by a pressure sensitive adhesive.

6. A building structure as in claim 2, wherein said photovoltaic generator units are adhesively affixed to said panels by an asphalt adhesive.

7. A building structure as in claim 1, wherein each of said panels further include a junction box affixed thereto, said box configured to provide electrical communication with said first and second leads.

8. A building structure as in claim 7, wherein said junction box is supported on the central pan portion of said panel, on the same side thereof as is the photovoltaic generator.

9. A building structure as in claim 7, wherein said junction box is supported on said panel, on a side thereof opposite the side on which the photovoltaic generator is affixed.

10. A building structure as in claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic generator units each include a group IV semiconductor material therein.

11. A method of manufacturing a power generating building structure, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a flexible, thin film, photovoltaic generator unit comprising;

a thin film, photovoltaic device having a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a body of laminating material encapsulating said photovoltaic device, a first lead in electrical communication with said positive electrode, and a second lead in electrical communication with said negative electrode;

providing a sheet metal building panel having;

a generally planar, central pan portion defined thereupon, a first connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a first edge of said panel, and a second connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a second edge of said panel, wherein the first connector flange of said panel is capable of lockingly engaging a second connector flange of a like panel;

whereby said panel and said like panel may be lockably joined together; and

then,

affixing said photovoltaic generator unit to the central pan portion of said panel.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the step of affixing said photovoltaic generator unit comprises adhesively affixing said photovoltaic generator unit.

13. A method as in claim 12, wherein said step of adhesively affixing said photovoltaic generator unit comprises affixing said photovoltaic generator unit with a heat activatable adhesive.

14. A method as in claim 12, wherein the step of adhesively affixing said photovoltaic generator unit comprises affixing said photovoltaic generator unit with a chemically curing adhesive.

15. A method as in claim 11, wherein the step of adhesively affixing said photovoltaic generator unit comprises affixing said photovoltaic generator unit with a pressure sensitive adhesive.

16. A method as in claim 11, wherein the step of adhesively affixing said photovoltaic generator unit comprises affixing said photovoltaic generator unit with an asphalt adhesive.

17. A photovoltaic building panel comprising:

a sheet metal panel having;

a generally planar, central pan portion defined thereupon, a first connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a first edge thereof, and a second connector flange disposed along, and projecting from, a second edge thereof, said first connector flange being capable of lockingly engaging a second connector flange of a like panel, whereby said panel and said like panel may be lockably joined together;

a flexible, thin film photovoltaic generator unit, comprising;

a flexible, thin film photovoltaic device having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a body of laminating material encapsulating said photovoltaic device, a first lead in electrical communication with said positive electrode, and a second lead in electrical communication with said negative electrode, said photovoltaic generator unit being affixed to the central pan portion of said panel.

18. A method for attaching a photovoltaic device to an architectural panel, said method comprising the steps of:

providing an architectural panel including a pan portion defined thereupon;

providing a photovoltaic device;

providing an adhesive body;

disposing said architectural panel, photovoltaic device and adhesive body in a superposed relationship so as to form a lamination stack, comprising said photovoltaic device and adhesive body, in which said photovoltaic device overlies the pan portion of the architectural panel and the adhesive body is interposed therebetween;

disposing a flexible, air impermeable membrane atop said lamination stack so that said membrane covers the entirety of said photovoltaic device and projects beyond the entire perimeter thereof and contacts said architectural panel; and

evacuating at least a portion of an ambient atmosphere from a space defined between said membrane and said architectural panel, whereby atmospheric pressure acting on said membrane urges said photovoltaic device into contact with said adhesive body and said architectural panel.

19. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing an adhesive body comprises providing an adhesive body which is thermally activatable, said method including the further step of heating said adhesive body while said membrane urges said photovoltaic device into contact with said adhesive body and said architectural panel.

20. A method as in claim 19, wherein said step of heating said adhesive body comprises directing a stream of heated air onto said architectural panel.

21. A method as in claim 19, wherein said step of heating said adhesive body comprises contacting said architectural panel with a heated blanket.

22. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing an adhesive body comprises providing a pressure sensitive adhesive body.

23. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing an adhesive body comprises providing an asphalt adhesive body.

24. A method as in claim 18, including the further step of disposing a sheet of electrically insulating material in said lamination stack between said photovoltaic device and said pan portion of the architectural panel.

25. A method as in claim 24, wherein the step of disposing said sheet of electrically insulating material comprises disposing a sheet of electrically insulating material having a second adhesive body associated therewith.

26. A method as in claim 18, including the further step of disposing a channel forming member between said membrane and said panel, said channel forming member being operative to maintain a gas flow channel between said membrane and said lamination stack when said step of evacuating is implemented.

27. A method as in claim 26, wherein the step of disposing said channel forming member comprises disposing a screen mesh member between the photovoltaic device and the membrane.

28. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing a photovoltaic device comprises providing a flexible, thin film photovoltaic device.

29. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing a photovoltaic device comprises providing a photovoltaic device having a top protective layer affixed to a light incident surface thereof.

30. A method as in claim 18, including the further step of disposing a bondable layer of top protective material in said lamination stack and upon a light incident surface of the photovoltaic device, prior to the step of disposing said flexible air impermeable membrane atop the lamination stack, wherein atmospheric pressure acting on the membrane when the step of evacuating is implemented will urge the bondable layer of top protective material into contact with the light incident surface of the photovoltaic device.

31. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing a photovoltaic device comprises providing a photovoltaic device of the type including a terminal lead for establishing electrical communication therewith, and wherein the step of providing an architectural panel comprises providing a panel including an opening defined therein for passage of said lead therethrough.

32. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing an architectural panel comprises providing an architectural panel having a planar pan portion defined thereupon.

33. A method as in claim 18, wherein the step of providing an architectural panel comprises providing an architectural panel having a curved pan portion defined thereupon.