Polymer-electrodes for detecting nucleic acid hybridization and method of use thereof
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A polymer-electrode comprising:
- (a) a substrate having a conductive working surface; and
(b) a nonconductive outer polymer layer on said conductive working surface, said polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings distributed throughout the layer, and through which layer a transition metal complex can transfer electrons to the conductive working surface.
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Abstract
A polymer-electrode including (a) a substrate having a conductive working surface; and (b) a polymer layer on the conductive working surface. The polymer layer has a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings distributed throughout the layer. An oligonucleotide probe can be attached to the polymer layer and is available to capture target nucleic acid. A soluble mediator can diffuse freely and transfer electrons from the preselected base in the hybridized nucleic acid to the conductive working surface of the substrate. An electronic signal generated from the electron transfer reaction is detected and quantitated.
243 Citations
33 Claims
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1. A polymer-electrode comprising:
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(a) a substrate having a conductive working surface; and (b) a nonconductive outer polymer layer on said conductive working surface, said polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings distributed throughout the layer, and through which layer a transition metal complex can transfer electrons to the conductive working surface. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 23)
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8. An apparatus comprising:
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(a) a sample container for holding a fluid sample; (b) a polymer-electrode in electronic communication with the sample container, said polymer-electrode comprising a substrate having a conductive working surface, and a nonconductive outer polymer layer on the conductive working surface, said polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings, and through which layer a transition metal complex can transfer electrons to the conductive working surface; and (c) a potentiostat in electronic communication with the polymer-electrode. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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9. A method of determining the presence of a target in a sample, comprising:
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(a) contacting a nonconductive polymer layer with a label-bearing target which is capable of being oxidized in an oxidation-reduction reaction, said polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings and through which layer a transition metal complex can transfer electrons to the conductive working surface as recited in step (e) below, said polymer layer having immobilized thereon a binding molecule capable of binding to the target so that the immobilized binding molecule and the target form a target complex on the polymer layer; (b) reacting the target complex with a transition metal complex capable of oxidizing the label-bearing target in an oxidation-reduction reaction; (c) detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction; (d) determining the presence or absence of the target from the detected oxidation-reduction reaction; and (e) contacting the polymer layer with a conductive working surface of a substrate at any time prior to detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 26, 32, 33)
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14. A method of preparing a polymer-electrode, comprising:
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(a) providing a substrate having a conductive working surface; (b) preparing a nonconductive polymer layer for attachment thereto of a binding molecule capable of binding to a substance of interest, said polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings, and wherein a transition metal complex can transfer electrons to the conductive working surface through the polymer layer; (c) attaching a binding molecule to the polymer layer; and (d) contacting the polymer layer to the conductive working surface of the substrate. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 28)
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20. A method of determining the presence of a target protein in a sample, comprising:
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(a) providing a protein-binding substance attached to a nonconductive polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings wherein a transition metal complex can transfer electrons through the polymer layer to a conductive working surface when the polymer layer is contacted with the conductive working surface as recited in step (g) below; (b) exposing the protein-binding substance to the sample; (c) exposing the polymer layer to a second protein-binding substance capable of binding the target protein and which has been modified to contain a label; (d) reacting the bound target protein with a transition metal complex capable of oxidizing the label in an oxidation-reduction reaction; (e) detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction; (f) determining the presence or absence of the protein from the detected oxidation-reduction reaction; and (g) contacting the polymer layer with a conductive working surface of a substrate prior to detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22)
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29. A method of determining the presence of a target protein in a sample, comprising:
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(a) providing a binding molecule attached to a nonconductive polymer layer having a plurality of microfluidic reaction openings, wherein a transition metal complex can transfer electrons through the polymer layer to a conductive working surface when the polymer layer is contacted with the conductive working surface as recited in step (f) below; (b) forming a bound complex by exposing the binding molecule to a sample that has been modified to contain a label; (c) reacting the bound complex with a transition metal complex capable of oxidizing the label in an oxidation-reduction reaction; (d) detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction; (e) determining the presence or absence of the protein from the detected oxidation-reduction reaction; and (f) contacting the polymer layer with a conductive working surface of a substrate prior to detecting the oxidation-reduction reaction. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31)
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Specification