Gas separation device based on electrical swing adsorption

• US 5,972,077 A
• Filed: 02/20/1998
• Issued: 10/26/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Burchell, Timothy D., Judkins, Roddie R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Spitzer, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US09/084,256
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 95/90, 95/114-116, 95/136, 95/139, 95/148, 96/108, 96/121, 96/126-130, 96/143, 96/146
• US Class Current: 95/136
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/116 Molecular sieves other than zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/25 Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/306 Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/311 Porosity, e.g. pore volume
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/342 Monoliths
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/304 Hydrogen sulfide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40086 by using a purge gas B01D2259/4009 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40098 with other heating means
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/02 by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography solid sorbent compositions B01J20/00, preparation of inorganic compounds or elements C01
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0438 Cooling or heating systems
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0454 Controlling adsorption controlling temperature swing adsorption B01D53/0462, controlling pressure swing adsorption B01D53/047
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2

Abstract

A method and apparatus for separating one constituent, especially carbon dioxide, from a fluid mixture, such as natural gas. The fluid mixture flows through an adsorbent member having an affinity for molecules of the one constituent, the molecules being adsorbed on the adsorbent member. A voltage is applied to the adsorbent member, the voltage imparting a current flow which causes the molecules of the one constituent to be desorbed from the adsorbent member.

Claims

1. A method for separating one or more targeted constituents from a fluid mixture comprising the steps of:

flowing the fluid mixture through a rigid, electrically conductive adsorbent member having an affinity for the targeted constituents, the adsorbent member further comprising an activated carbon fiber composite material consisting essentially of a multiplicity of porous carbon fibers bonded with a carbonizable organic binder to form an open, permeable structure, the composite defining a porosity in a range of approximately 82-86%;

adsorbed molecules of the targeted constituents being adsorbed on the adsorbent member; and

applying a voltage to the adsorbent member, the voltage imparting a current flow which causes the adsorbed molecules of the targeted constituents to be desorbed from the adsorbent member.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon fiber composite material comprises a carbon fiber composite molecular sieve.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is selected to achieve surface physidesorption, ohmic heating of the adsorbent member, and/or other modes of excitation of the adsorbed molecules.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is natural gas and the constituent is carbon dioxide.

5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising purging the adsorbent member with a purge gas while applying the voltage.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is natural gas and the constituent is hydrogen sulfide.

7. An apparatus for separating one or more targeted constituents from a fluid mixture comprising:

a rigid, electrically conductive adsorbent member having an affinity for molecules of the targeted constituents, the adsorbent member further comprising an activated carbon fiber composite material consisting essentially of a multiplicity of porous carbon fibers bonded with a carbonizable organic binder to form an open, permeable structure, the composite defining a porosity in a range of approximately 82-86%; and

means for flowing the fluid mixture through the adsorbent member, the molecules being adsorbed on the adsorbent member; and

means for applying a voltage to the adsorbent member, the voltage imparting a current flow which causes the molecules of the targeted constituents to be desorbed from the adsorbent member.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the activated carbon fiber composite material comprises a carbon fiber composite molecular sieve.

9. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the adsorbent member has electrical leads from a power supply connected to opposite ends thereof.

10. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the fluid is natural gas and the constituent is carbon dioxide.

11. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the fluid is natural gas and the constituent is hydrogen sulfide.