Method and apparatus for controlling an electrochromic device

• US 5,973,819 A
• Filed: 09/21/1998
• Issued: 10/26/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Pletcher, Timotny A., Sjursen, Walter P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sugarman, Scott J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BURKE, MARGARET A
• Application Number:
  US09/157,725
• Time in Patent Office: 400 Days
• Field of Search: 359/265, 359/267, 359/275, 351/44, 351/45, 345/105
• US Class Current: 359/265
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/163 Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/38 using electrochromic devices

Abstract

The invention comprises an apparatus and methodology facilitating an accurate, user-friendly system for controlling the charge state (i.e., color level) of an electrochromic device. The invention provides a two button control methodology implemented as a sequential logic controller or, in another embodiment, a microprocessor-based controller. After initiation via, e.g., an external switch, the invention iteratively modifies and measures a charge level of the electrochromic device until an additional switch activation or until a maximal or minimal charge level is achieved.

Claims

1. Apparatus for controlling a charge state of an electrochromic device, comprising:

a driver, coupled to said electrochromic device, for selectively imparting one of a positive charge and a negative charge to said electrochromic device in response to a charge control signal;

a detector, coupled to said electrochromic device, for measuring a voltage level of said electrochromic device and responsively producing charge-indicative output signal; and

a controller, coupled to said driver and said detector, for adapting a charge level of said electrochromic device in response to an input control signal;

said controller, in a first operating mode, causing said driver to impart charge to said electrochromic device during a first period of time, and to stop imparting charge for during a second period of time, said controller entering said first operating mode in response to said input signal being indicative of said electrochromic device having an insufficient charge level, said controller exiting said first operating mode in response to either said input signal being indicative of said electrochromic device having an appropriate charge level or said charge-indicative output signal from said detector indicating that said electrochromic device has achieved a maximal charge level; and

said controller, in a second operating mode, causing said driver to remove charge from said electrochromic device during said first period of time, and to stop removing charge during said second period of time, said controller entering said second operating mode in response to said input signal being indicative of said electrochromic device having an excessive charge level, said controller exiting said second operating mode in response to either said input signal being indicative of said electrochromic device having an appropriate charge level or said charge-indicative output signal from said detector indicating that said electrochromic device has achieved a minimal charge level.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second period of time is selected to be at least long enough to allow said electrochromic device to achieve a relatively quiescent state subsequent to a charging or discharging cycle.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

said driver comprises a tri-state driver conditioned to operate in a high impedance mode during said second period of time; and

said detector is conditioned to measure said electrochromic device during said second period of time.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said detector is coupled to the output of said tri-state driver.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said input control signal comprises a charge signal and a discharge signal, said controller entering said first mode of operation in response to said charge signal, and entering said second mode of operation in response to said discharge signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

said driver comprises a plurality of switching devices arranged in a bridge configuration;

said driver imparting charge to said electrochromic device by providing a first current to said electrochromic device; and

said driver removing charge from said electrochromic device by providing a second current to said electrochromic device, said first and second currents having opposite polarities.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said apparatus comprises a portion of a pair of eyeglasses, and wherein said electrochromic device comprises a lens portion of said eyeglasses.

8. Apparatus for controlling a charge state of an electrochromic device, comprising:

a driver for imparting charge to said electrochromic device;

a controller, for adapting said driver in response to a first control signal and a second control signal; and

a comparator, for comparing a voltage level of said electrochromic device to an upper threshold level and producing therefrom an upper threshold indicative output signal, and for comparing said voltage level of said electrochromic device to a lower threshold level and producing therefrom a lower threshold indicative output signal;

said controller, in response to an assertion of only said first control signal, entering a charge mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to impart charge to said electrochromic device;

said controller, in response to an assertion of only said second control signal, entering a discharge mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to remove charge from said electrochromic device; and

said controller, in response to an assertion of said first and second control signals, entering an idle mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to stop modifying said charge of said electrochromic device.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

said controller, in said charge mode of operation, entering said idle mode of operation in response to an indication of said voltage level of said electrochromic device reaching said upper threshold level.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

said controller, in said discharge mode of operation, entering said idle mode of operation in response to an indication of said voltage level of said electrochromic device reaching said lower threshold level.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said driver comprises:

a first tri-state driver, for sourcing current in a first enabled mode of operation and for sinking current in a second enabled mode of operation; and

a second tri-state driver, for sinking current in said first enabled mode of operation and for source current in said second enabled mode of operation;

said first and second tri-state drivers being enabled by a tri-state enable signal produced by said controller;

said first and second tri-state drivers being adapted to said first enabled mode of operation in response to a first control signal polarity, and being adapted to said second enabled mode of operation in response to a second control signal polarity.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

said driver periodically enters a high impedance output state in response to a clock signal; and

said lower threshold indicative output signal and said upper threshold indicative output signal produced by said comparator are valid during a portion of the time said driver is within said high impedance state.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein:

said controller is responsive to said comparator output signals during a transition of said first clock signal indicative of a termination of said high impedance output state of said driver.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said portion of time begins after a period of time sufficient to allow said electrochromic device to achieve a relatively quiescent state subsequent to a charging or discharging cycle.

15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

said driver comprises a plurlity of switching devices arranged in a bridge configuration;

said driver imparting charge to said electrochromic device by providing a first current to said electrochromic device; and

said driver removing charge from said electrochromic device by providing a second current to said electrochromic device, said first and second currents having opposite polarities.

16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:

said first and sect control signals are produced by respective first and second switches.

17. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said apparatus comprises a portion of a pair of eyeglasses, and wherein said electrochromic device comprises a lens portion of said eyeglasses.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said apparatus comprises a portion of a pair of eyeglasses, and wherein said electrochromic device comprises a lens portion of said eyeglasses.

19. In a system for controlling a charge state of an electrochromic device, said system a driver for imparting charge to said electrochromic device, a controller, for adapting said driver in response to a first control signal and a second control signal;

and a comparator, for comparing a voltage level of said electrochromic device to an upper threshold level and producing therefrom an upper threshold indicative output signal, and for comparing said voltage level of said electrochromic device to a lower threshold level and producing therefrom a lower threshold indicative output signal, a method for comprising the steps of;

entering, in response to an assertion of only said first control signal, a charge mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to impart charge to said electrochromic device;

entering, in response to an assertion of only said second control signal, a discharge mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to remove charge from said electrochromic device; and

entering, in response to an assertion of said first and second control signals, an idle mode of operation, wherein said controller causes said driver to stop modifying said charge of said electrochromic device.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of:

entering said idle mode of operation from said charge mode of operation in response to an indication of said voltage level of said electrochromic device reaching said upper threshold level; and

entering said idle mode of operation from said discharge mode of operation in response to an indication of said voltage level of said electrochromic device reaching said lower threshold level.