Modulated spread spectrum in RF identification systems method

• US 5,974,078 A
• Filed: 02/13/1997
• Issued: 10/26/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Tuttle, John R., Hoyt, Eugene P., Springett, James C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo, Don N.
• Application Number:
  US08/800,918
• Time in Patent Office: 985 Days
• Field of Search: 375/200, 375/222, 375/358, 375/221, 340/825.14, 340/539, 340/505, 342/47, 342/51, 342/73, 342/89
• US Class Current: 375/130
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation

Abstract

A method for RF communication between transceivers in a radio frequency identification system that improves range, decreases multipath errors and reduces the effect of outside RF source interference by employing spread spectrum techniques. By pulse amplitude modulating a spread spectrum carrier before transmission, the receiver can be designed for simple AM detection, suppressing the spread spectrum carrier and recovering the original data pulse code waveform. The data pulse code waveform has been further encrypted by a direct sequence pseudo-random pulse code. This additional conditioning prevents the original carrier frequency components from appearing in the broadcast power spectra and provides the basis for the clock and transmit carrier of the transceiver aboard an RFID tag. Other advantages include high resolution ranging, hiding transmissions from eavesdroppers, and selective addressing.

Claims

1. A communication system, comprising:

an interrogator adapted to produce and transmit a spread spectrum signal which includes an original data signal component; and

a plurality of receiver systems adapted to connect to articles remote from the interrogator, each receiver system comprising;

receiving and processing circuitry adapted to receive the transmitted spread spectrum signal and in response thereto to produce an extracted data signal;

signal production circuitry adapted to receive the extracted data signal and selectively produce a return signal including information regarding an article; and

transmitting circuitry adapted to transmit the return signal to the interrogator.

2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the interrogator is adapted to selectively address a particular one of the receiver systems by providing the original data signal component with a particular characteristic, and wherein the signal production circuitry of a particular one of the receiver systems is adapted to produce the return signal only when the particular characteristic is present in the original data signal component.

3. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the interrogator is adapted to selectively address different ones of the receiver systems.

4. The communication system of claim 1, further comprising an additional interrogator and circuitry adapted to determine a location of a particular one of the receiver systems by triangulation between the interrogator, the additional interrogator, and the particular one of the receiver systems.

5. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the transmitted spread spectrum signal further includes a pseudo noise signal component and the receiving and processing circuitry is further adapted to produce a synthesized pseudo noise signal corresponding to the pseudo noise signal component of the transmitted spread spectrum signal.

6. The communication system of claim 5, wherein the receiving and processing circuitry is further adapted to extract a clock waveform from the transmitted spread spectrum signal, the extracted clock waveform corresponding to a clock frequency of the pseudo noise signal component.

7. The communication system of claim 6, wherein the transmitting circuitry is further adapted to multiply the extracted clock waveform by a return data packet waveform.

8. The communication system of claim 1, further comprising an interrogator transmission power less than or equal to one Watt.

9. A communication system, comprising:

an interrogator adapted to produce and transmit a spread spectrum signal comprising a pseudo noise signal component; and

at least one receiver system adapted to connect to an article remote from the interrogator, the at least one receiver system comprising;

receiving and processing circuitry adapted to receive the transmitted spread spectrum signal and in response thereto to produce a synthesized pseudo noise signal corresponding to the pseudo noise signal component of the transmitted spread spectrum signal;

signal production circuitry adapted to receive the transmitted spread spectrum signal and selectively produce a return signal comprising information regarding the article; and

transmitting circuitry adapted to transmit the return signal to the interrogator.

10. The communication system of claim 9, wherein the receiving and processing circuitry is further adapted to extract a clock waveform from the transmitted spread spectrum signal, the extracted clock waveform corresponding to a clock frequency of the pseudo noise signal component.

11. The communication system of claim 10, wherein the transmitting circuitry is further adapted to multiply the extracted clock waveform by a return data packet waveform.

12. The communication system of claim 9, wherein the interrogator is adapted to transmit at a transmission power less than or equal to one Watt.

13. The communication system of claim 9, wherein the receiving and processing circuitry is further adapted to compare the transmitted spread spectrum signal with the synthesized pseudo noise signal and produce a comparison waveform.

14. The communication system of claim 13, wherein the receiving and processing circuitry is further adapted to analyze the comparison waveform and responsively synchronize the receiving and processing circuitry with the transmitted spread spectrum signal.

15. A communication system, comprising:

an interrogator adapted to produce and transmit a spread spectrum signal comprising a pseudo noise signal component; and

at least one receiver system adapted to connect to an article remote from the interrogator and comprising;

receiving and processing circuitry adapted to receive the transmitted spread spectrum signal and in response thereto to produce a clock waveform corresponding to a clock frequency of the pseudo noise signal component of the transmitted spread spectrum signal;

signal production circuitry adapted to receive the transmitted spread spectrum signal and selectively produce a return signal comprising information regarding the article; and

transmitting circuitry adapted to transmit the return signal to the interrogator.

16. The communication system of claim 15, wherein the transmitting circuitry is further adapted to multiply the clock waveform by a return data packet waveform.