Method and apparatus for acoustic detection of mines and other buried man-made objects

• US 5,974,881 A
• Filed: 07/16/1997
• Issued: 11/02/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Stevens Institute Of Technology, The Trustees of The Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens Institute Of Technology)
• Original Assignee: The Trustees of The Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens Institute Of Technology)
• Inventors: Sutin, Alexander M., Donskoy, Dimitri M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kwok, Helen C.
• Application Number:
  US08/895,122
• Time in Patent Office: 839 Days
• Field of Search: 73/579, 73/599, 73/600, 73/602, 73/603, 73/609, 73/627, 73/628, 73/629, 73/597, 73/598, 367/68, 367/14, 367/13, 367/92, 367/87
• US Class Current: 73/579
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/014 Resonance or resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02491 Materials with nonlinear acoustic properties
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0421 Longitudinal waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/11 by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/28 providing acoustic coupling , e.g. water impedance matching G10K11/02
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/40 by amplitude filtering, e.g. by applying a threshold or by gain control
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/46 by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis spectral signal processing per se G06F17/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/48 by amplitude comparison
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/04 Systems determining presence of a target
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/001 Acoustic presence detection

Abstract

A device which employs an acoustic signal having one or more frequencies for penetrating into ground, water, or sediments and vibrating a compliant buried object is provided. When these acoustic signals encounter an acoustically compliant object such as a mine, the acoustic signals vibrate the compliant object, leading to a vibration of the compliant object against the boundaries of the surrounding medium such as ground sediment, creating a nonlinear distortion of the probing signal including the generation of harmonics and acoustic waves with combination frequencies (nonlinear signals). These nonlinear vibrating signals are received from the surface by a sensor. The amplitude of the measured nonlinear signals indicates the presence of an acoustically compliant object such as a mine.

Claims

1. An apparatus for remotely detecting land mines in compliant housings buried underground comprising:

signal generator means for generating a probe signal having a first and a second frequency;

source means for outputting the probe signal;

receiver means for receiving a nonlinear frequency response vibration signal having a third frequency caused by the probe signal vibrating boundaries of a compliant object against a surrounding medium wherein the vibration signal is only generated when the probe signal impacts the compliant object; and

processing means for processing the vibration signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising display means for displaying the vibration signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the processing means compares the vibration signal with a pre-set signal level and issues an alarm if the vibration signal exceeds the pre-set signal level.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source means comprises one or more loudspeakers.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source means comprises one or more air horns.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source means comprises a seismic source for directly vibrating the ground.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the source means comprises an underwater sound source.

20. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the third frequency comprises the difference between the first and second frequencies of the probe signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the third signal is calculated from the first and second signals.

8. An apparatus for remotely detecting buried land mines in compliant containers comprising:

signal generating means for generating signals having first and second frequencies;

source means on or above ground for outputting the generated signals;

receiver means on or above ground for receiving vibration signals having a third frequency equal to the difference between the first and second frequencies, the vibration signals having a third frequency signal caused by the generated signals vibrating a compliant buried object against a surrounding medium wherein the vibration signals are only generated when the generated signals impact the compliant object; and

processing means for processing the vibration signals.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising power amplification means for amplifying the signals generated.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a display means for displaying the vibration signals.

11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the processing means compares the third frequency vibration signals with a pre-set signal level and issues an alarm if the vibration signal exceeds the pre-set signals level.

12. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the source means comprises one or more loudspeakers.

13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the source means comprises one or more air horns.

14. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the source means comprises a seismic source for directly vibrating the ground.

15. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the source means comprises an underwater sound.

16. A method of remotely locating buried land mines in compliant containers comprising the steps of:

producing a probe signal having at least first and second frequencies;

emitting the probe signal from a source;

creating a vibration signal by vibrating a compliant object against a surrounding medium by the probe signal to cause a nonlinear vibration signal having a third frequency;

receiving the vibration signal caused by bouncing the probe signal on the boundaries of the compliant object against a surrounding medium wherein the vibration signal is only generated when the probe signal impacts the compliant object; and

processing the nonlinear vibration signal.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of comparing an amplitude of the vibration signal with a pre-determined signal level.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of producing a probe signal comprises the step of producing two separate signals having different frequencies.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the nonlinear vibration signal is in a different frequency range from the probe signal.

22. The method of claim 18 further comprising calculating the third frequency by subtracting the second frequency from the first frequency.