Apparatus and method for reduction of motion artifact
First Claim
1. An improved skin-mounted physiological recording electrode assembly for use with a recording instrument, the improved skin-mounted physiological recording electrode assembly having,a foam pad having a front surface, for adhesively mounting to, complying with and conforming to the skin as the skin deforms, and a rear surface,the foam pad having a central region which is recessed on the front surface, forming a central recess, andthe foam pad also having a pad passage connecting the central recess to the rear surface of the foam pad,an electrode having a sensing end and a connector end,the electrode being positioned in the pad passage such that the sensing end resides in the central recess while the connector end extends beyond the pad passage and beyond the rear surface of the foam pad,a clip attaching to the connector end of the electrode, anda lead wire connected to the clip for connection to a patient monitoring device,the improvement comprising:
- at least one deformation gauge coupled to the foam pad so as to be responsive to deformation experienced by the foam pad.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
A skin-mounted physiological recording electrode assembly has a foam pad having a front surface having a central recess and mounted to the skin, and a rear surface. A pad passage extends from the central recess to the rear surface. An electrode in the pad passage has a sensing end in the central recess and a connector end to which a clip attaches. The clip attaches to a lead wire connecting to a monitoring device. At least one deformation gauge is coupled to the rear surface of the foam pad, and may be a strain gauge, a bending sensor, or a combination of both. The electrode assembly may be used in a patient monitoring system having an electrode signal processor, sensor signal processors, a multiplexer, an A-to-D convertor, and a microprocessor programmed with an adaptive noise canceling algorithm. A method is taught of monitoring signals from at least two electrodes, generating and monitoring deformation signals which are correlated to the deformation of the foam pads, and making an adaptive noise canceling analysis of the electrode signals and the deformation signals to reduce or eliminate the noise component of the electrode signals.
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Citations
25 Claims
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1. An improved skin-mounted physiological recording electrode assembly for use with a recording instrument, the improved skin-mounted physiological recording electrode assembly having,
a foam pad having a front surface, for adhesively mounting to, complying with and conforming to the skin as the skin deforms, and a rear surface, the foam pad having a central region which is recessed on the front surface, forming a central recess, and the foam pad also having a pad passage connecting the central recess to the rear surface of the foam pad, an electrode having a sensing end and a connector end, the electrode being positioned in the pad passage such that the sensing end resides in the central recess while the connector end extends beyond the pad passage and beyond the rear surface of the foam pad, a clip attaching to the connector end of the electrode, and a lead wire connected to the clip for connection to a patient monitoring device, the improvement comprising: at least one deformation gauge coupled to the foam pad so as to be responsive to deformation experienced by the foam pad. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A patient monitoring system comprising:
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at least one pair of physiological recording electrode assemblies, each physiological recording electrode assembly of said at least one pair of physiological recording electrode assemblies having, a foam pad having a front surface for contacting the skin and a rear surface, said foam pad having a central region which is recessed on said front surface forming a central recess, a pad passage connecting said central recess to said rear surface of said foam pad, an electrode which transmits physiological signals, said electrode having a sensing end and a connector end, said electrode residing in said pad passage such that said sensing end resides in said central recess while said connector end protrudes from said pad passage, a clip attaching to said connector end of said electrode, a lead wire connected to said clip, at least one deformation gauge for providing deformation signals, said at least one deformation gauge being coupled to said foam pad; an electrode signal processor for each of said at least one pair of physiological recording electrode assemblies, said electrode signal processor being connected to said lead wires of said physiological recording electrode assemblies for receiving said physiological signals and providing amplified differential physiological signals; a deformation signal processor for each of said at least one deformation gauges, said deformation signal processor generating processed deformation signals from said deformation signals; a multiplexor for selectively passing said amplified differential physiological signals and said processed deformation signals; an A-to-D Converter for digitizing said amplified differential physiological signals and said processed deformation signals providing digital differential physiological signals and digital deformation signals; a microprocessor for receipt of said digital differential physiological signals and said digital deformation signals; and an adaptive noise canceling algorithm for instructing said microprocessor to combine said digital differential physiological signals and said digital deformation signals to provide filtered digital physiological signals. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22)
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23. A method for increasing the reliability of signals from skin-mounted physiological recording electrodes mounted to the skin of a patient, the method comprising the steps of:
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attaching a pair of skin-mounted physiological recording electrodes to the skin with foam pads; monitoring physiological signals received from said pair of physiological recording electrodes; calculating a differential physiological signal which is defined as the difference between said physiological signals from said pair of physiological recording electrodes; mounting at least one deformation gauge on each of said foam pads; monitoring deformation signals which are correlated to the deformation of said at least one deformation gauge; and performing an adaptive noise cancellation on said differential physiological signal using said deformation signals to provide a noise-free differential signal. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25)
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Specification