Object oriented case-based reasoning framework mechanism

• US 5,978,785 A
• Filed: 06/03/1998
• Issued: 11/02/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Shore, Thomas Alan, Johnson, Verlyn Mark, Koski, Dennis Dale
• Primary Examiner(s): Downs, Robert W.
• Application Number:
  US09/089,435
• Time in Patent Office: 517 Days
• Field of Search: 706/54
• US Class Current: 706/54
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 5/027 Frames
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 5/04 Inference or reasoning models

Abstract

A framework for use with object-oriented programming systems provides a case-based reasoning (CBR) system shell that permits a framework user to develop a case base having case histories and generates a case-based reasoning system that receives user requests for query solutions and produces a query solution that can be incorporated into the case base. The framework includes a Session component that controls processing of the CBR system, a Control Flow component that manages the extension of the categories and classes of the OO framework, a Data Store component that stores persistent case structure definitions, case instances, and a change log, a Presentation component that manages the user interface to the CBR system user, and a Query Engine that evaluates a received query against the case base. The case definitions and case base descriptions comprise a set of object oriented classes that are organized into an inheritance hierarchy. Also disclosed is a case-based reasoning system that permits dynamic adjustment of property weights in either object oriented programming implementations or procedural programming implementations. This permits users to control which properties and weights are used and whether missing items should penalize case matching.

Claims

1. A computer system comprising:

a central processing unit;

a user interface; and

a main memory having an operating system that supports an object oriented programming environment containing a framework that provides an extensible case-based reasoning system that evaluates a user query by determining a set of case instance descriptions that most closely match properties of a query object corresponding to the user query and thereby produces a solution to the user query, the framework including at least one core class that cannot be modified by a user and at least one extensible class that is defined by a user to customize the framework, the customized framework then being compiled to generate a desired run-time case-based reasoning system.

2. A computer system as defined in claim 1, wherein the case instance descriptions comprise an object oriented programming case set class having case instance objects that include property objects, value objects, and attributes.

3. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the framework permits a user to provide a case structure definition class that specifies an inheritance data structure for the case instance objects.

4. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the case instance objects have a data structure and behavior specified by a case structure definition class having property objects and corresponding property value attributes.

5. A computer system as defined in claim 4, wherein the property objects include simple value objects and compound value objects.

6. A computer system as defined in claim 4, wherein the case instance objects further include weight instance objects that assign weight attribute values to each of the property objects.

7. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an action prompt definition class of objects that specify computer system prompts that are displayed to a user and, upon a received user response, initiate a computer system action.

8. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an index definition class of objects that specify a subset of the case instance object properties and in which the properties are included, thereby comprising an index to the case instance objects.

9. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the query object includes a pattern of attributes and property objects and value objects corresponding to the attributes, property objects, and value objects of the case instance class of objects, and is evaluated in a match scoring operation that compares the attributes, properties, and values of the query object with the corresponding attributes, properties, and values of a case instance object and computes a match score indicating the similarity of the query object and the case instance object.

10. A computer system as defined in claim 9, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which weight multiplier values are applied to designated properties of the query object and the case instance object, wherein each weight multiplier value indicates an importance ranking of the designated property relative to the other properties of the respective query object and case instance object.

11. A computer system as defined in claim 10, wherein the weight multiplier values are received from the user and are then applied to the query and case instance properties.

12. A computer system as defined in claim 11, wherein one or more of the weight multiplier values are zero, such that a zero weight multiplier value is designated for properties that are not to be penalized in the computation of a match score if unspecified.

13. A computer system as defined in claim 9, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which relative usage factors are applied to designated properties of the query object and case instance object by multiplying each designated property weight of the query object and case instance object by a corresponding respective query usage scaling factor or case instance usage scaling factor.

14. A computer system as defined in claim 13, wherein the relative usage factors are received from the user and are then applied to the property weights of the query and case instance properties.

15. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the framework permits a user to store the query object into the case set class, whereupon the stored query object can then be retrieved from the case set as the solution to a newly defined query object.

16. A computer system as defined in claim 2, wherein the framework permits a user to specify an incident class of objects into which a query object can be stored for later retrieval and further processing.

17. An object oriented framework for use in a computer system having an operating system that supports an object oriented programming environment that defines a case set class having case instance objects that include property objects, value objects, and attributes comprising case instance descriptions and provides an extensible case-based reasoning system that evaluates a user query by determining a set of the case instance objects that most closely match a query object corresponding to the user query and thereby produces a solution to the user query, the framework including at least one core class that cannot be modified by a user and at least one extensible class that is defined by a user to customize the framework, the customized framework then being compiled to generate a desired run-time case-based reasoning system.

18. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the framework permits a user to provide a case structure definition class that specifies an inheritance data structure for the case instance objects.

19. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the case instance objects have a data structure and behavior specified by a case structure definition class having property objects and corresponding property value attributes.

20. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 19, wherein the property objects include simple value objects and compound value objects.

21. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 19, wherein the case instance objects further include weight instance objects that assign weight attribute values to each of the property objects.

22. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an action prompt definition class of objects that specify computer system prompts that are displayed to a user and, upon a received user response, initiate a computer system action.

23. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an index definition class of objects that specify a subset of the case instance object properties and in which the properties are included, thereby comprising an index to the case instance objects.

24. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the query object includes a pattern of attributes and property and value objects corresponding to the attributes, property objects, and value objects of the case instance class of objects, and is evaluated in a match scoring operation that compares the attributes, properties, and values of the query object with the corresponding attributes, properties, and values of a case instance object and computes a match score indicating the similarity of the query object and the case instance object.

25. An object oriented framework system as defined in claim 24, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which weight multiplier values are applied to designated properties of the query object and the case instance object, wherein each weight multiplier value indicates an importance ranking of the designated property relative to the other properties of the respective query object and case instance object.

26. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 25, wherein the weight multiplier values are received from the user and are then applied to the query and case instance properties.

27. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 25, wherein one or more of the weight multiplier values are zero, such that a zero weight multiplier value is designated for properties that are not to be penalized in the computation of a match score if unspecified.

28. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 24, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which relative usage factors are applied to designated properties of the query object and case instance object by multiplying each designated property weight of the query object and case instance object by a corresponding respective query usage scaling factor or case instance usage scaling factor.

29. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 28, wherein the relative usage factors are received from the user and are then applied to the property weights of the query and case instance properties.

30. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the framework permits a user to store the query object into the case set class, whereupon the stored query object can then be retrieved from the case set as the solution to a newly defined query object.

31. An object oriented framework as defined in claim 17, wherein the framework permits a user to specify an incident class of objects into which a query object can be stored for later retrieval and further processing.

32. A program product for use in a computer system having an operating system that supports an object-oriented programming environment, the program product comprising:

a signal bearing media; and

a framework recorded on the signal bearing media, the framework providing an extensible case-based reasoning system that evaluates a user query by determining a set of case instance descriptions that most closely match properties of a query object corresponding to the user query and thereby produces a solution to the user query, the framework including at least one core class that cannot be modified by a user and at least one extensible class that is defined by a user to customize the framework, the customized framework then being compiled to generate a desired run-time case-based reasoning system.

33. A program product as defined in claim 32, wherein the case instance descriptions comprise an object oriented programming case set class having case instance objects that include attributes, property objects, and value objects.

34. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the framework permits a user to provide a case structure definition class that specifies an inheritance data structure for the case instance objects.

35. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the case instance objects have a data structure and behavior specified by a case structure definition class having property objects and corresponding property value attributes.

36. A program product as defined in claim 35, wherein the property objects include simple value objects and compound value objects.

37. A program product as defined in claim 35, wherein the case instance objects further include weight instance objects that assign weight attribute values to each of the property objects.

38. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an action prompt definition class of objects that specify computer system prompts that are displayed to a user and, upon a received user response, initiate a computer system action.

39. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the framework permits a user to provide an index definition class of objects that specify a subset of the case instance object properties and in which the properties are included, thereby comprising an index to the case instance objects.

40. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the query object includes a pattern of attributes and property and value objects corresponding to the attributes, property objects, and value objects of the case instance class of objects, and is evaluated in a match scoring operation that compares the attributes, properties, and values of the query object with the corresponding attributes, properties, and values of a case instance object and computes a match score indicating the similarity of the query object and the case instance object.

41. A program product as defined in claim 40, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which weight multiplier values are applied to designated properties of the query object and the case instance object, wherein each weight multiplier value indicates an importance ranking of the designated property relative to the other properties of the respective query object and case instance object.

42. A program product as defined in claim 41, wherein the weight multiplier values are received from the user and are then applied to the query and case instance properties.

43. A program product as defined in claim 41, wherein one or more of the weight multiplier values are zero, such that a zero weight multiplier value is designated for properties that are not to be penalized in the computation of a match score if unspecified.

44. A program product as defined in claim 41, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which relative usage factors are applied to designated properties of the query object and case instance object by multiplying each designated property weight of the query object and case instance object by a corresponding respective query usage scaling factor or case instance usage scaling factor.

45. A program product as defined in claim 44, wherein the relative usage factors are received from the user and are then applied to the property weights of the query and case instance properties.

46. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the framework permits a user to store the query object into the case set class, whereupon the stored query object can then be retrieved from the case set as the solution to a newly defined query object.

47. A program product as defined in claim 33, wherein the framework permits a user to specify an incident class of objects into which a query object can be stored for later retrieval and further processing.

48. A program product as defined in claim 32, wherein the signal bearing media comprises recordable media.

49. A program product as defined in claim 32, wherein the signal bearing media comprises transmission media.

50. A method of executing an application program in a computer system having a central processing unit that controls processing in the computer system, a user interface, and a main memory having an operating system that supports an object oriented programming environment, the method comprising the steps of:

providing an object oriented framework that provides an extensible case-based reasoning system, the framework including at least one core class that cannot be modified by a user and at least one extensible class that is defined by a user to customize the framework, the customized framework then being compiled to generate a desired run-time case-based reasoning system; and

evaluating a user query by determining a set of case instance descriptions that most closely match properties of a query object corresponding to the user query and thereby produces a solution to the user query.

51. A method as defined in claim 50, wherein the case instance descriptions of the provided object oriented framework comprise an object oriented programming case set class having case instance objects that include attributes, property objects, and value objects.

52. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the provided framework permits a user to provide a case structure definition class that specifies an inheritance data structure for the case instance objects.

53. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the case instance objects have a data structure and behavior specified by a case structure definition class having property objects and corresponding property value attributes.

54. A method as defined in claim 53, wherein the property objects include simple value objects and compound value objects.

55. A method as defined in claim 53, wherein the case instance objects further include weight instance objects that assign weight attribute values to each of the property objects.

56. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the provided framework permits a user to provide an action prompt definition class of objects that specify computer system prompts that are displayed to a user and, upon a received user response, initiate a computer system action.

57. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the provided framework permits a user to provide an index definition class of objects that specify a subset of the case instance object properties and in which the properties are included, thereby comprising an index to the case instance objects.

58. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the query object includes a pattern of attributes and property objects and value objects corresponding to the attributes, property objects, and value objects of the case instance class of objects, and is evaluated in a match scoring operation that compares the attributes, properties, and values of the query object with the corresponding attributes, properties, and values of a case instance object and computes a match score indicating the similarity of the query object and the case instance object.

59. A method as defined in claim 58, wherein the match scoring operation of the provided framework comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which weight multiplier values are applied to designated properties of the query object and the case instance object, wherein each weight multiplier value indicates an importance ranking of the designated property relative to the other properties of the respective query object and case instance object.

60. A method as defined in claim 59, wherein the weight multiplier values are received from the user and are then applied to the query and case instance properties.

61. A method as defined in claim 59, wherein one or more of the weight multiplier values are zero, such that a zero weight multiplier value is designated for properties that are not to be penalized in the computation of a match score if unspecified.

62. A method as defined in claim 58, wherein the match scoring operation of the provided framework comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which relative usage factors are applied to designated properties of the query object and case instance object by multiplying each designated property weight of the query object and case instance object by a corresponding respective query usage scaling factor or case instance usage scaling factor.

63. A method as defined in claim 62, wherein the relative usage factors are received from the user and are then applied to the property weights of the query and case instance properties.

64. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the provided framework permits a user to store the query object into the case set class, whereupon the stored query object can then be retrieved from the case set as the solution to a newly defined query object.

65. A method as defined in claim 51, wherein the provided framework permits a user to specify an incident class of objects into which a query object can be stored for later retrieval and further processing.

66. A method of executing an application program in a computer system having a central processing unit that controls processing in the computer system, a user interface, and a main memory having an operating system that supports a programming environment, the method comprising the steps of:

providing an extensible case-based reasoning framework that operates in the programming environment, the framework including at least one core class that cannot be modified by a user and at least one extensible class that is defined by a user to customize the framework and thereby define a desired case-based reasoning system;

extending the framework to define the desired case-based reasoning system;

compiling the extended framework to generate a run-time case-based reasoning system; and

executing the run-time case-based reasoning system to perform the step of evaluating a user query by determining a set of case instance descriptions that most closely match properties of a user query and thereby produces a solution to the user query;

wherein;

the case instances comprise data structures that include properties, values, and attributes;

the user query specifies a pattern of properties, values, and attributes, and is evaluated in a match scoring operation that compares the properties, values, and attributes of the user query with the corresponding properties, values, and attributes of a case instance and computes a match score indicating the similarity of the user query and the case instance; and

the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which weight multiplier values are applied to designated properties of the user query and the case instance, wherein each weight multiplier value indicates an importance ranking of the designated property relative to the other properties of the respective user query and case instance.

67. A method as defined in claim 66, wherein the weight multiplier values are received from the user and are then applied to the user query and case instance properties.

68. A method as defined in claim 67, wherein one or more of the weight multiplier values are zero, such that a zero weight multiplier value is designated for properties that are not to be penalized in the computation of a match score if unspecified.

69. A method as defined in claim 68, wherein the match scoring operation comprises a dynamically weighted operation in which relative usage factors are applied to designated properties of the user query and case instance by multiplying each designated property weight of the user query and case instance by a corresponding respective query usage scaling factor or case instance usage scaling factor.

70. A computer system as defined in claim 69, wherein the relative usage factors are received from the user and are then applied to the property weights of the user query and case instance properties.