Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator

• US 5,979,440 A
• Filed: 06/16/1997
• Issued: 11/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Respironics Incorporated (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Sequal Technologies Incorporated (Niterra Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Hill, Theodore B., Walker, Graham, Hill, Charles C., Honkonen, Scott C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lewis, Aaron J.
• Application Number:
  US08/876,970
• Time in Patent Office: 876 Days
• Field of Search: 128/200.24, 128/201.21, 128/204.15, 128/204.17
• US Class Current: 128/201.21
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0007 introduced into the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0208 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/03 Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/108 Zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/116 Molecular sieves other than zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/12 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/102 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/502 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40001 Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40009 using sensors or gas analysers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/416 involving cryogenic temperature treatment
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4525 for storage and dispensing systems
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4533 for medical purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4541 for portable use, e.g. gas masks
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/455 for transportable use portable devices B01D2259/4541
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 5/0039 Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0454 Controlling adsorption controlling temperature swing adsorption B01D53/0462, controlling pressure swing adsorption B01D53/047
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/047 : Pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/053 : with storage or buffer vessel
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 : by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2201/058 : portable (<30 l)
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2203/0391 : by vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0326 : electrically actuated
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0332 : Safety valves or pressure relief valves
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0341 : Filters
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/011 : Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0161 : cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0353 : using cryocooler
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/04 : Methods for emptying or filling
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/032 : using computers
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0408 : Level of content in the vessel
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/043 : Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0439 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0452 : Concentration of a product
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/02 : Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/015 : by separating
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/025 : Breathing
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0509 : "Dewar" vessels
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 6/00 : Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 9/006 : the refrigerant containing more than one component F25B9/004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 9/145 : pulse-tube cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0017 : Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0052 : by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0212 : as a single flow MCR cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0225 : using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0244 : Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation F25J1/0279 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 1/0276 : Laboratory or other miniature devices
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/40 : using hybrid system, i.e. combining cryogenic and non-cryogenic separation techniques
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/60 : using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/80 : using membrane, i.e. including a permeation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/40 : Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2220/50 : Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components from oxygen, e.g. N2, Ar
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/90 : External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/91 : using pulse tube refrigeration
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/10 : Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a much safer and less expensive way of providing portable oxygen from a gas concentrator for patients who do not want to be tied to a stationary machine or restricted by present oxygen technology. In one preferred embodiment, the present invention splits off some of the excess capacity gas flow from a gas concentrator which is then stored via liquefaction. The stored gas can then be used as a portable supply. A portion of the oxygen gas flow generated by the oxygen concentrator is channeled to a condenser which receives and liquefies the oxygen gas using cryocooler. A storage dewar is used for storing the oxygen liquefied by the condenser. Liquid is then selectively transferred to a smaller portable dewar. A controller can be used for monitoring the parameters of liquefaction, including oxygen concentration, the amount of liquid oxygen in the dewar, and for controlling the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer. In one embodiment, the flow rate into the condenser is chosen to exceed the capacity of the condenser to minimize the liquefaction of argon, nitrogen and trace gases, and to purge the system.

Claims

1. A home liquid oxygen ambulatory system for supplying a portable supply of oxygen, where a portion of gaseous oxygen output obtained from an oxygen concentrator is condensed into liquid oxygen, comprising:

(a) an oxygen concentrator which separates oxygen gas from the ambient air;

(b) an outlet flow line to transfer flow of oxygen gas from said oxygen concentrator for patient use;

(c) a valve placed in the outlet flow line for splitting off a portion of the oxygen gas flow generated by the oxygen generator;

(d) a condenser for receiving and liquefying the split off portion of the oxygen gas flow;

(e) a cryocooler associated with said condenser;

(f) a first storage dewar in fluid communication with said condenser for storing the oxygen liquefied by the condenser, the first storage dewar having an outlet selectively engageable to and in fluid communication with at least one second smaller dewar and a fluid path for supplying liquid oxygen from the first dewar to the second dewar;

(g) a heater for heating said first storage dewar;

(h) a controller for monitoring the amount of liquid oxygen in said first dewar, and for controlling the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer from said first storage dewar.

2. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the oxygen concentrator is a pressure swing adsorption ("PSA") type oxygen concentrator.

3. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the flow rate into the condenser is chosen to exceed the capacity of the condenser.

4. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein only 20 to 90% of the split off portion flowing into the condenser is condensed to minimize the liquefaction of argon, nitrogen and trace gases.

5. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the controller controls condenser parameters so that the condenser temperature varies in the range from approximately 69.2 to 109.7 K, the condenser pressure varies from approximately 5 to 65 psia, and the concentrations of gas into the condenser varies approximately as follows:

oxygen;

80 to 100%

nitrogen;

0 to 20%

argon;

0 to 7%.

6. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein vent gas from the first storage dewar is recovered and used to pre-cool the gas into the condenser.

7. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the condenser is in thermal contact with the cryocooler and comprises:

(a) an inlet conduit for receiving the split off portion of oxygen;

(b) an outer member;

(c) an inner member having a chamber in communication with said inlet conduit;

(d) a passage defined by said outer and inner members;

(e) said inner member having axial slots; and

(f) means for circulating said oxygen in said passage defined by said inner and outer member.

8. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1, further comprising a recuperator interfaced between the oxygen concentrator and the condenser.

9. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1, wherein the controller senses pressure in said first dewar and controls said heater in response thereto.

10. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the first storage dewar will be periodically boiled dry to eliminate any trace gases that may pass through the gas concentrator.

11. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1, wherein the condenser comprises a generally vertically oriented, gravity assisted, circular housing with an inner center grooved core defining an annulus and with axial slits to wick away the condensed liquid.

12. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the controller is located remotely from the oxygen source.

13. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the controller monitors the oxygen concentration and amount of liquid oxygen and controls the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer remotely using a modem.

14. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1 wherein the controller monitors the oxygen concentration and amount of liquid oxygen and controls the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer remotely using a wireless interface.

15. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1, wherein the controller monitors the oxygen concentration of the oxygen gas flowing from said concentrator.

16. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 1, further including an oxygen sensor to measure the oxygen concentration of flow from said concentrator, a liquid level sensor in said first dewar, a temperature sensor in said first dewar, a pressure sensor in communication with said first dewar, and wherein the controller receives output from the oxygen sensor, liquid level sensor, temperature sensor and pressure sensor, and controls the flow of input gaseous oxygen to the condenser and controls the liquefaction and transfer from the first storage dewar in accordance with the sensed conditions.

17. A home liquid oxygen ambulatory system for supplying a portable supply of oxygen, where a portion of gaseous oxygen output obtained from an oxygen concentrator is condensed into liquid oxygen, comprising:

(a) an oxygen concentrator which can isolate oxygen gas from the air;

(b) output means from the concentrator for channeling the oxygen which is isolated;

(c) means for splitting off all or a portion of the gaseous oxygen from the output means of said concentrator for liquefaction;

(d) a condenser which can cause gaseous oxygen to change phase into liquid oxygen;

(e) means for channeling the oxygen stream from said output means to said condenser;

(f) means for liquifying said oxygen stream in said condenser using a cryocooler; and

(g) means for collecting the condensed liquid oxygen using a first dewar, wherein said first dewar includes a heater which can be used to effectuate the transfer of liquid oxygen from the first dewar to a second dewar for storing a quantity of liquid oxygen from which smaller quantities can be transferred for moveable oxygen treatment.

18. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein the oxygen concentrator is a pressure swing adsorption ("PSA") type oxygen concentrator.

19. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein the flow rate into the condenser is chosen to exceed the capacity of the condenser.

20. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein only 20 to 90% of the incoming flow to the condenser is condensed to minimize the liquefaction argon, nitrogen and trace gases.

21. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein the controller controls condenser parameters or ranges so that the condenser temperature varies in the range from approximately 69.2 to 109.7 K and the condenser pressure varies from approximately 5 to 65 psia, and the concentrations of gas into the condenser varies approximately as follows:

Oxygen;

80 to 100%

Nitrogen;

0 to 20%

Argon;

0 to 7%.

22. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein vent gas from the storage dewar is recovered and used to pre-cool the gas into the condenser.

23. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17, further comprising a recuperator interfaced between the oxygen concentrator and the condenser.

24. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17, further comprising a controller which senses pressure in the first dewar and controls said heater in response thereto.

25. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system in claim 24 wherein the controller is located remotely from the oxygen generator.

26. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system in claim 24 wherein the controller monitors the oxygen concentration and amount of liquid oxygen and controls the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer remotely using a modem.

27. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system in claim 24 wherein the controller monitors the oxygen concentration and amount of liquid oxygen and controls the parameters of liquid oxygen generation and transfer remotely using a wireless interface.

28. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17 wherein the liquid dewar will be periodically boiled dry to eliminate any trace gases that may pass through the gas concentrator.

29. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the generally vertically oriented, gravity assisted condenser comprises a circular housing with an inner center grooved core defining an annulus and with axial slits to wick away the condensed liquid.

30. The home liquid oxygen ambulatory system of claim 17, further including an oxygen sensor to measure the oxygen concentration of flow from said concentrator, a liquid level sensor in said dewar, a temperature sensor in said dewar, a pressure sensor in communication with said dewar, and a controller that receives output from the oxygen sensor, liquid level sensor, temperature sensor and pressure sensor, and controls the flow of input gaseous oxygen to the condenser and controls the liquefaction and transfer from the storage dewar in accordance with the sensed conditions.