Voltage regulator having variable frequency-based control

• US 5,982,161 A
• Filed: 11/04/1998
• Issued: 11/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Nguyen, Don J., Solivan, Thovane
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US09/185,786
• Time in Patent Office: 370 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/283, 323/284, 323/285, 323/259
• US Class Current: 323/284
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/618 using semiconductor devices in series and in parallel with the load as final control devices G05F1/461 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/26 Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof for memories G11C
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1563 without using an external clock H02M3/158 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1582 Buck-boost converters H02M3/1584 takes precedence

Abstract

A voltage regulator includes an energy storage element to produce an output voltage, a switch and a controller. The switch energizes and de-energizes the energy storage element at a switching frequency. The controller is coupled to the switch and receives an indication of the output voltage. The controller controls the switching frequency to regulate the output voltage based on the indication.

Claims

1. A voltage regulator comprising:

an energy storage element to produce an output voltage;

at least one switch to energize and de-energize the energy storage element pursuant to switching cycles, each switching cycle including an on time interval during which said at least one switch operates to energize the energy storage element and an off time interval during which said at least one switch operates to de-energize the energy storage element; and

a controller coupled to said at least one switch and adapted to;

receive an indication of the output voltage, and

regulate both a duration of the on time interval and a duration of the off time interval based on the indication of the output voltage without referencing a switching signal having a predefined frequency.

2. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises:

a comparator to compare the indication to at least one threshold and generate a signal to control the switch based on the comparison.

3. The voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein said at least one threshold comprises an upper threshold indicative of a desired maximum voltage level for the output voltage.

4. The voltage regulator of claim 3, wherein the signal controls said at least one switch to energize the energy storage element when the output voltage is above the desired maximum voltage level.

5. The voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein said at least one threshold comprises a lower threshold indicative of a desired minimum voltage level for the output voltage.

6. The voltage regulator of claim 5, wherein the signal controls said at least one switch to de-energize the energy storage element when the output voltage is below the desired minimum voltage level.

7. The voltage regulator of claim 2, further comprising:

a circuit to sample a current in the energy storage device to furnish said at least one threshold.

8. The voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the comparator comprises:

a hysteretic comparator.

9. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the energy storage element comprises an inductor.

10. The voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises:

a comparator to compare the indication to at least one threshold and generate a signal to control a duty cycle of the switch based on the comparison.

11. The voltage regulator of claim 1, further comprising:

a driver circuit to couple the controller to said at least one switch.

12. A method for use with a voltage regulator, comprising:

cycling energy through an energy storage element pursuant to switching cycles, each switching cycle including an on time interval to energize the energy storage element and an off time interval to de-energize the energy storage element; and

comparing an indication of an output voltage of the regulator with at least one threshold; and

based on the comparison, regulating both a duration of the on time interval and a duration of the off time interval without referencing a switching signal having a predefined frequency.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the act of cycling comprises:

selectively coupling at least one switch between the energy storage element and an energy source.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein said at least one threshold comprises an upper threshold indicative of a desired maximum voltage level for the output voltage.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the act of cycling comprises:

the energy storage element when the output voltage is above the desired maximum voltage level.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein said at least one threshold comprises a lower threshold indicative of a desired minimum voltage level for the output voltage.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the act of cycling comprises:

de-energizing the energy storage element when the output voltage is below the desired minimum voltage level.

18. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

sampling a current in the energy storage device to furnish said at least one threshold.

19. A computer system comprising:

an energy storage element to produce an output voltage;

a processor to receive the output voltage;

at least one switch to energize and de-energize the energy storage element pursuant to switching cycles, each switching cycle including an on time interval during which said at least one switch operates to energize the energy storage element and an off time interval during which said at least one switch operates to de-energize the energy storage element; and

a controller coupled to said at least one switch and adapted to;

receive an indication of the output voltage, and

regulate both a duration of the on time interval and a duration of the off time interval based on the indication of the output voltage without referencing a switching signal having a predefined frequency.

20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the controller comprises:

a comparator to compare the indication to at least one threshold and generate a signal to control the switch based on the comparison.

21. The computer system of claim 20, wherein said at least one threshold comprises an upper threshold indicative of a desired maximum voltage level for the output voltage.

22. The computer system of claim 21, wherein the signal controls said at least one switch to energize the energy storage element when the output voltage is above the desired maximum voltage level.

23. The computer system of claim 20, wherein said at least one threshold comprises a lower threshold indicative of a desired minimum voltage level for the output voltage.

24. The computer system of claim 23, wherein the signal controls said at least one switch to de-energize the energy storage element when the output voltage is below the desired minimum voltage level.

25. The computer system of claim 20, further comprising:

a circuit to sample a current in the energy storage device to furnish said at least one threshold.