Phase quadrature signal generator having a variable phase shift network

• US 5,983,082 A
• Filed: 10/31/1997
• Issued: 11/09/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hilbert, Mark Francis
• Primary Examiner(s): Bost, Dwayne D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VUONG, QUOCHIEN B
• Application Number:
  US08/962,580
• Time in Patent Office: 739 Days
• Field of Search: 455/76, 455/110, 455/118, 455/324, 327/231, 327/237
• US Class Current: 455/76
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/18 Two-port phase shifters providing a predetermined phase shift, e.g. "all-pass" filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/00 Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0812 and where no voltage or current controlled oscillator is used

Abstract

A variable phase shift network (420) for a phase quadrature signal generator (320, 370) includes a variable current controller (909), a first NPN transistor (801) and a second NPN transistor (802). The variable phase shift network (420) produces a first quadrature input signal (830), a second quadrature input signal (834), a first quadrature output signal (821) and a second quadrature output signal (826) responsive to receiving a first differential input signal (919) and a second differential input signal (925). The variable current controller (909) controls current in a first NPN transistor (801) to vary an emitter resistance (846) in the first NPN transistor (801) and controls current in a second NPN transistor (802) to vary an emitter resistance (847) in the second NPN transistor (802) to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between the first quadrature output signal (821) and the first quadrature input signal (830) and to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between the second quadrature output signal (826) and the second quadrature input signal (834).

Claims

1. A variable phase shift network for a phase quadrature signal generator comprising:

a first NPN transistor having an emitter resistance;

a second NPN transistor having an emitter resistance; and

a variable current controller being adapted to control current in the first NPN transistor and current in the second NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor, respectively, to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between a first quadrature input signal and a first quadrature output signal and to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between a second quadrature input signal and a second quadrature output signal.

2. A variable phase shift network for a quadrature generator according to claim 1:

wherein the first NPN transistor has a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a first differential signal, the collector terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to produce the first quadrature output signal,

wherein the second NPN transistor has a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive a second differential signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to produce the second quadrature output signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature output signal,

wherein the variable phase shift network further comprises;

a third NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to produce the first quadrature input signal that is in substantially a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the first quadrature output signal;

a fourth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the second differential signal, the collector terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to produce the second quadrature input signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature input signal and that is substantially in a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the second quadrature output signal;

a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor;

a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor;

a first fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to a circuit ground; and

a second fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to the circuit ground, and

wherein the variable current controller has a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the first NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the second NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor.

3. A variable phase shift network for a quadrature generator according to claim 2 wherein the variable current controller further comprises:

a fifth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being the first terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a sixth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being the second terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a seventh NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the base terminal of the fifth NPN transistor to the base terminal of the sixth NPN transistor and to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground; and

a variable current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the reverence voltage, the variable current source being adapted to control current in the fifth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the sixth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor.

4. A variable phase shift network for a quadrature generator according to claim 2 further comprising:

a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor; and

a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor.

5. A variable phase shift network for a phase quadrature signal generator comprising:

a first NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a first differential signal, the collector terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to produce a first quadrature output signal;

a second NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive a second differential signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to produce a second quadrature output signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature output signal;

a third NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to produce a first quadrature input signal that is in substantially a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the first quadrature output signal;

a fourth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the second differential signal, the collector terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to produce a second quadrature input signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature input signal and that is substantially in a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the second quadrature output signal;

a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor;

second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor;

a first fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to a circuit ground;

a second fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to the circuit ground; and

a variable current controller having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the first NPN transistor to vary an emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the second NPN transistor to vary an emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor, the variable current controller being adapted to control the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor to adjust the phase quadrature relationship between the second quadrature output signal and the second quadrature input signal and to adjust the phase quadrature relationship between the first quadrature output signal and the first quadrature input signal.

6. A variable phase shift network for a quadrature generator according to claim 5 wherein the variable current controller further comprises:

a fifth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being the first terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a sixth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being the second terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a seventh NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the base terminal of the fifth NPN transistor to the base terminal of the sixth NPN transistor and to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground; and

a variable current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the reverence voltage, the variable current source being adapted to control current in the fifth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the sixth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor.

7. A variable phase shift network for a quadrature generator according to claim 5 further comprising:

a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor; and

a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor.

8. A radiotelephone comprising:

an antenna;

a transmitter coupled to the antenna; and

a receiver coupled to the antenna,

wherein at least one of the transmitter and the receiver further comprises;

a phase quadrature signal generator for producing a first quadrature input signal, a second quadrature input signal, a first quadrature output signal and a second quadrature output signal responsive to receiving a first differential input signal and a second differential input signal, the phase quadrature signal generator comprises;

a variable phase shift network comprising;

a first NPN transistor having an emitter resistance;

a second NPN transistor having an emitter resistance; and

a variable current controller being adapted to control current in the first NPN transistor and current in the second NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor, respectively, to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between the first quadrature input signal and the first quadrature output signal and to adjust a phase quadrature relationship between the second quadrature input signal and the second quadrature output signal.

9. A radiotelephone according to claim 8:

wherein the first NPN transistor has a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a first differential signal, the collector terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to receive a reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor being adapted to produce the first quadrature output signal,

wherein the second NPN transistor has a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive a second differential signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor being adapted to produce the second quadrature output signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature output signal,

wherein the variable phase shift network further comprises;

a third NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the first differential signal, the collector terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor being adapted to produce the first quadrature input signal that is in substantially a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the first quadrature output signal;

a fourth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the second differential signal, the collector terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to receive the reference voltage, and the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor being adapted to produce the second quadrature input signal that is 180°

out of phase with respect to the first quadrature input signal and that is substantially in a phase quadrature relationship with respect to the second quadrature output signal;

a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor;

a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal terminal of the second capacitor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor;

a first fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the third NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first fixed current source being coupled to a circuit ground; and

a second fixed current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to coupled to the emitter terminal of the fourth NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second fixed current source being coupled to the circuit ground, and

wherein the variable current controller has a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the first NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current controller being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the second NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor.

10. A radiotelephone according to claim 9 wherein the variable current controller further comprises:

a fifth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being the first terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the fifth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a sixth NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being the second terminal of the variable current controller, the collector terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the sixth NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground;

a seventh NPN transistor having a base terminal, a collector terminal and an emitter terminal, the base terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the base terminal of the fifth NPN transistor to the base terminal of the sixth NPN transistor and to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the emitter terminal of the seventh NPN transistor being coupled to the circuit ground; and

a variable current source having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the collector terminal of the seventh NPN transistor, the second terminal of the variable current source being coupled to the reverence voltage, the variable current source being adapted to control current in the fifth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the first NPN transistor and being adapted to control current in the sixth NPN transistor to vary the emitter resistance in the second NPN transistor.

11. A radiotelephone according to claim 9 wherein variable phase shift network further comprising:

a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the first NPN transistor, the second terminal of the first resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the first capacitor; and

a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the emitter terminal of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the second resistor being coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor.