Solid state battery having a disordered hydrogenated carbon negative electrode

• US 5,985,485 A
• Filed: 04/01/1997
• Issued: 11/16/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Chevron Technology Ventures LLC (Chevron Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Rosa T. Young, Stanford R. Ovshinsky
• Inventors: Young, Rosa T., Ovshinsky, Stanford R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Maples, John S.
• Application Number:
  US08/831,150
• Time in Patent Office: 959 Days
• Field of Search: 429/162, 429/152, 429/178, 429/59, 429/191, 429/231.8, 429/304, 429/218.1
• US Class Current: 429/152
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A solid state battery comprising a substrate; at least one multilayered electrochemical cell deposited onto the substrate, each multilayered electrochemical cell comprising: a layer of disordered hydrogenated carbon material negative electrode material capable of electrochemically adsorbing and desorbing lithium ions or both lithium and hydrogen ions during charge and discharge; a layer of positive electrode material capable of electrochemically desorbing and adsorbing lithium ions or both lithium and hydrogen ions during charge and discharge; and a layer of insulating/conducting material disposed between the layer of positive electrode material and the layer of negative electrode material, where the layer of insulating/conducting material is electrically insulating and capable of readily conducting or transporting lithium ions or both lithium and hydrogen ions from the layer positive electrode material to the layer of negative electrode material while the battery is charging and from the layer of negative electrode material to the layer of positive electrode material while the battery is discharging; and an electrically conductive layer deposited a top the last of the at least one multilayered electrochemical cells, the electrically conductive layer providing one battery terminal.

Claims

1. A solid state battery comprising:

A.) a substrate;

B.) at least one multilayered electrochemical cell deposited onto said substrate, each multilayered electrochemical cell comprising;

1.) a layer of disordered hydrogenated carbon negative electrode material capable of electrochemically adsorbing and desorbing lithium ions during charge and discharge;

2.) a layer of positive electrode material capable of electrochemically desorbing and adsorbing lithium ions during charge and discharge; and

3.) a layer of lithiated silicon nitride material disposed between said layer of positive electrode material and said layer of negative electrode material, where said layer of lithiated silicon nitride material is electrically insulating and capable of readily conducting or transporting lithium ions from said layer of positive electrode material to said layer of negative electrode material while said battery is charging and from said layer of negative electrode material to said layer of positive electrode material while said battery is discharging; and

C.) an electrically conductive layer deposited a top the last of said at least one multilayered electrochemical cells, said electrically conductive layer providing one battery terminal.

2. The solid state battery of claim 1, wherein said layer of negative electrode material, said layer of positive electrode material, and said layer of insulating/conducting material are all thin film materials.

3. The solid state battery of claim 1, wherein said layer of positive electrode material comprises a layer of amorphous V₂ O₅.

4. The solid state battery of claim 1, wherein said lithiated silicon nitride material comprises:

about 20 to 50 atomic % lithium, about 20 to 40 atomic % silicon, and about 20 to 50 atomic % nitrogen.

5. The solid state battery of claim 1, wherein said substrate is electrically conductive and acts as a second electrical terminal of said battery.

6. The solid state battery of claim 1, wherein said substrate is electrically insulative and an electrically conductive material layer is deposited onto said substrate, said electrically conductive material layer acting as a second battery terminal.

7. The solid state battery of claim 1, including more than one of said multilayered electrochemical cells and further comprising current collector material layers deposited between said layer of positive electrode material of one multilayered electrochemical cell and said layer of negative electrode material of an adjacent electrochemical cell.

8. A solid state battery comprising:

a substrate;

at least one multilayered electrochemical cell deposited onto said substrate, each layer of said multilayered electrochemical cell comprising;

a layer of disordered hydrogenated carbon negative electrode material capable of electrochemically adsorbing and desorbing both protons and lithium ions during charge and discharge;

a layer of positive electrode material capable of electrochemically desorbing and adsorbing both protons and lithium ions during charge and discharge; and

a layer of insulating/conducting material disposed between said layer of positive electrode material and said layer of negative electrode material, where said layer of insulating/conducting material is electrically insulating and capable of readily conducting or transporting both protons and lithium ions from said layer of positive electrode material to said layer of negative electrode material while said battery is charging and from said layer of negative electrode material to said layer of positive electrode material while said battery is discharging; and

an electrically conductive layer deposited a top the last of said at least one multilayered electrochemical cells, said electrically conductive layer providing one battery terminal.

9. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said layer of negative electrode material, said layer of positive electrode material, and said layer of insulating/conducting material are all thin film materials.

10. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said layer of positive electrode material comprises a layer of at least one of LiNiO₂, LiCoO₂, or LiMnO₂.

11. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said layer of insulating/conducting material includes a lithiated/hydrogenated electrically insulating material.

12. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said insulating/conducting material is selected from the group consisting of a lithiated/hydrogenated silicon nitride material, a lithiated/hydrogenated silicon oxide and a lithiated/hydrogenated silicon oxynitride.

13. The solid state battery of claim 12, wherein said insulating/conducting material includes a lithiated/hydrogenated silicon nitride material.

14. The solid state battery of claim 13, wherein said insulating/conducting material is a lithiated/hydrogenated silicon nitride film comprising:

about 10 to 40 atomic % lithium, about 10 to 40 atomic % hydrogen, about 20 to 40 atomic % silicon, and about 20 to 50 atomic % nitrogen.

15. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said substrate is electrically conductive and acts as a second electrical terminal of said battery.

16. The solid state battery of claim 8, wherein said substrate is electrically insulative and an electrically conductive material layer is deposited onto said substrate, said electrically conductive material layer acting as a second battery terminal.

17. The solid state battery of claim 8, including more than one of said multilayered electrochemical cells and further comprising current collector material layers deposited between said layer of positive electrode material of one multilayered electrochemical cell and said layer of negative electrode material of an adjacent multilayered electrochemical cell.