Automatic determination of traffic signal preemption using GPS, apparatus and method

• US 5,986,575 A
• Filed: 07/15/1997
• Issued: 11/16/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/05/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Global Traffic Technologies LLC (Vontier Corp.)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Beck, James C., Keegan, Richard, Judge, Kevin, Jones, Gary V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRIEU, VAN THANH
• Application Number:
  US08/893,232
• Time in Patent Office: 854 Days
• Field of Search: 340/902, 340/906, 340/907, 340/909, 340/911, 340/924, 340/988, 340/990, 340/995, 701/201, 701/202, 701/207, 701/208, 701/213
• US Class Current: 340/906
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/41 Differential correction, e.g. DGPS [differential GPS]
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/07 Controlling traffic signals
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/087 Override of traffic control, e.g. by signal transmitted by an emergency vehicle

Abstract

For qualification for traffic preemption an area is defined and if the vehicle is in the area it can obtain preemption. The vehicle'"'"'s position is determined, in one embodiment, by use of differential GPS.

Claims

1. A method for implementing traffic signal preemption of a signalized intersection using GPS information in which approach tracks to the intersection are created and programmed in a computer for defining a geometric area for preemption qualification, the method of setting up an approach track comprising;

traversing an approach with a GPS receiver/processor and a specially programmed first computer;

while traversing the approach, periodically obtaining GPS position information and storing it in the first computer as a line of positions;

deriving from a set of the stored positions a geometric area containing the set of stored positions and defining a qualified approach track;

transferring to and storing the geometric area in a selected coordinate system in a second computer, which is part of an intersection subsystem, programmed to designate the geometric area as defining a space in which an otherwise qualified vehicle may qualify for preemption; and

further comprising;

for each approach for which a qualified approach track has been set up, programming in the intersection computer a selected time period defining a programmed time of arrival (PTA) for the approach;

periodically calculating from the GPS derived data the time period for arrival of the vehicle at the intersection, defining a periodic vehicle estimated time of arrival (VETA) for the vehicle;

establishing as at least one further qualification for preemption for the vehicle that upon a comparing step, the VETA has satisfied a predetermined relationship to the PTA;

comparing the VETA and the PTA; and

sending a preemption request signal to the traffic controller requesting preemption if the predetermined relationship is satisfied and any other qualifications for preemption have been satisfied.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the geometric area is one or more polygons of selected width and length defining an approach track.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein a polygon is stored in the second computer as points in the coordinate system where line segments of the polygon intersect.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein a polygon is configured by use of a curve fitting program in the computer in which a line traversing a plurality of the stored positions is selected which misses, if at all, each of the greatest number of the positions by a distance not greater than a selected fit error tolerance.

5. The method of claim 2 in which there is a the line which defines a midline of the polygon.

6. The method of claim 2 in which the polygon has a far end line segment further from the intersection and near end line segment closer to the intersection and left and right line segments.

7. The method of claim 6 in which the first computer is programmed to allow an operator to vary the width of the polygon by moving the left and right line segments laterally.

8. The method of claim 6 in which a differential GPS method is used.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the intersection subsystem has a differential GPS reference station and has a radio transmitter further comprising;

sending GPS pseudorange correction terms to the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS pseudorange correction terms to the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS position, speed and direction information for the vehicle.

10. The method of claim 1 in which a differential GPS method is used.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the intersection subsystem has a differential GPS reference station and has a radio transmitter further comprising;

sending GPS pseudorange correction terms to the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS pseudorange correction terms to the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS position, speed and direction information for the vehicle.

12. The method of claim 1 in which the VETA and the comparing step are done in the intersection computer.

13. The method of claim 1 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

14. A method for traffic signal preemption of a signalized intersection having a traffic controller and the intersection having at least one approach which is desired to have preemption available;

wherein there is an intersection subsystem comprising;

a programmed computer;

a radio receiver;

a signal circuit from the program controlled computer to the traffic controller; and

wherein there is a vehicle subsystem comprising;

a GPS receiver/processor;

a programmed computer; and

a radio transmitter;

the intersection computer having stored in it a geometric area defining a qualified approach track for each approach for which preemption is to be available the qualified approach track having left and right boundaries and a far boundary further from the intersection and a near boundary closer to the intersection;

the method comprising;

the vehicle subsystem periodically receiving GPS signals and deriving therefrom position, speed and direction information for the vehicle;

the vehicle subsystem transmitting periodic position, speed and direction information of the vehicle to the intersection subsystem;

the intersection subsystem determining if the vehicle is within an approach track and is traveling toward the intersection; and

for each approach for which a qualified approach track has been set up, programming in the intersection computer a selected time period defining a programmed time of arrival (PTA) for the approach;

programming the intersection computer to periodically determine the time period for arrival of the vehicle at the intersection, defining a vehicle estimated time of arrival (VETA) for the vehicle;

establishing as at least one further qualification for preemption for the vehicle that upon a comparing step by the intersection computer, the VETA has satisfied a predetermined relationship to the PTA;

in the intersection computer, comparing the VETA and the PTA; and

sending a preemption request signal to the traffic controller requesting preemption if the predetermined relationship is satisfied, the vehicle is an approach track and is traveling toward the intersection and any other qualifications for preemption have been satisfied;

terminating the preempt request signal when the vehicle passes a selected point.

15. The method of claim 14 in which the geometric area is one or more polygons of selected width.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein a polygon is stored in the intersection computer as points in the coordinate system where line segments of the polygon intersect.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein;

the approach track is set up by traversing an approach with a GPS receiver/processor and a specially programmed computer;

while traversing the approach, obtaining corrected GPS position information and storing it in the specially programmed computer as a line of position;

deriving from a set of the stored positions a geometric area containing the set of store positions thereby defining the approach track;

transferring to and storing the geometric area in a selected coordinate system, to designate the geometric area as defining a space in which an otherwise qualified vehicle may qualify for preemption.

18. The method of claim 17 in which the geometric area is one or more polygons of selected width.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein a polygon is stored in the intersection computer as points in the coordinate system where line segments of the polygon intersect.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein a polygon is configured by use of a curve fitting program in a computer programmed for set up of the intersection in which a line traversing a plurality of stored position is selected which misses if at all each of the greatest number of positions by a distance not greater than a selected fit error tolerance.

21. The method of claim 20 in which the polygon has a far end line segment further from the intersection and a rear end line segment closer to the intersection and left and right line segments.

22. The method of claim 21 in which the specially programmed computer is programmed to allow an operator to vary the width of the polygon by moving the left and right line segments laterally.

23. A method for traffic signal preemption of a signalized intersection having a traffic controller and the intersection having at least one approach for which it is desired to have preemption available using differential GPS comprising;

setting up the intersection by

(i) installing a GPS receiver antenna at a known point, as part of an intersection subsystem which has;

a differential GPS receiver/processor reference station;

an intersection computer;

a radio receiver and transmitter;

a signal circuit to the traffic controller;

(ii) storing in the intersection computer in a coordinate system a geometric area defining an approach track for each approach for which it is desired to have preemption available, the approach track having a far boundary further from the intersection, a near boundary closer to the intersection and left and right boundaries; and

(iii) conducting a self-survey to determine the known point for the differential GPS receiver/processor reference station;

operating the system with qualified vehicles having a vehicle subsystem comprising;

a GPS receiver/processor for differential operation;

a vehicle computer;

a radio receiver and transmitter;

by;

(a) the intersection subsystem periodically transmitting differential GPS information including pseudorange correction terms;

(b) the vehicle subsystem periodically receiving the GPS data transmitted by the intersection subsystem and applying the pseudorange correction terms to its GPS data to determine corrected GPS data;

(c) the vehicle subsystem sending corrected GPS derived position, speed and direction information to the intersection subsystem;

(d) the intersection subsystem determining if the vehicle is within an approach track;

(e) the intersection subsystem sending a preemption request signal if the vehicle is within an approach track and is traveling toward the intersection and satisfies any other qualifications for preemption;

(f) terminating the preempt request signal after the vehicle has passed a point; and

further wherein the intersection computer has stored in it a programmed time of arrival (PTA) for a vehicle for each approach track and a vehicle on an approach track periodically calculating its time of arrival at the intersection (VETA) and comparing the VETA with the PTA against a predetermined relationship and establishing as a qualification for preemption that the relationship is satisfied.

24. The method of claim 23 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein the vehicle subsystem also transmits to the intersection subsystem a signal indicating if a left or right turn signal of the vehicle has been turned on and a means for activating an adjacent intersection which is a left or right turn from the intersection as the case may be.

26. The method of claim 23 further wherein the intersection computer is programmed to hold a preempt, after a first vehicle has left the intersection and termination of its preempt would be implemented if a second vehicle on an approach track is not more than a selected time greater than the VETA-PTA relationship requirement.

27. The method of claim 23 further wherein in the case of a previously qualified vehicle stops which has met all preemption requirements and preemption signal has been sent to the traffic controller, programming a timer in the intersection subsystem to decrements selected time period, and if the vehicle does not commence to move toward the intersection in the time period, the preemption call to the traffic controller is dropped.

28. The method of claim 27 further comprising a second timer in the vehicle which also has a selected time period, longer than the selected time period in the intersection timer, which also begins to decrement when the vehicle stops and at the end of the second time period the vehicle will stop sending signals to the intersection subsystem thereby causing the preemption call to be dropped.

29. The method of claim 23 further wherein a new vehicle otherwise qualified first beings to send signals while not moving toward the intersection and is in an approach track but beyond a minimum preempt point, the intersection computer is programmed to not send a preempt request to the traffic controller, and if the vehicle is inside the minimum preempt point the intersection computer will send a preempt request to the traffic controller.

30. An apparatus for traffic signal preemption comprising;

a set-up system comprising a computer specially programmed to create an approach track along an approach to an intersection;

a vehicle subsystem comprising;

a GPS receiver and processor for receiving GPS signals and processing the signals for transmission;

a transmitter for sending position, speed and direction information derived from the GPS signals to an intersection subsystem;

an intersection subsystem comprising;

a receiver for receiving the information sent from the vehicle subsystem;

a computer programmed estimated time of arrival of the vehicle at the intersection (VETA);

said computer having stored therein a selected programmed time of arrival (PTA) for the approach track;

said computer being programmed to compare the VETA and the PTA against a preselected comparison relationship;

said computer being programmed to send a preemption signal if the comparison so permits and any other qualification requirements are met.

31. A method for traffic signal preemption for a vehicle approaching a signalized intersection having a traffic signal controller using a system comprising, in the vehicle, a vehicle subsystem comprising a location, speed and direction sensor, a programmed computer and a radio transmitter and at the intersection an intersection subsystem, the intersection subsystem comprising a programmed computer, a radio receiver, a signaling circuit to the traffic signal controller comprising;

for each approach to the intersection for which it is desired to permit preemption, placing in the programmed computer memory of the intersection subsystem a selected time period defining a programmed time of arrival (PTA) for the approach;

for a vehicle traveling the approach toward the intersection using the location, speed and direction sensor, periodically determining the time period for its arrival at the intersection, defining a vehicle estimated time of arrival (VETA) for the vehicle;

establishing as at least one qualification for preemption for the vehicle that upon a comparing step by the intersection subsystem programmed computer, the VETA has satisfied a predetermined relationship to the PTA;

periodically comparing the VETA and PTA;

sending a preemption request to the traffic signal controller requesting preemption if said predetermined relationship is satisfied and any other qualifications for preemption have been satisfied.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the predetermined relationship is that the VETA is equal to or less than the PTA.

33. The method of claim 31 in a system wherein the location, speed and direction sensor of the vehicle subsystem is a GPS receiver/processor, and further wherein the step using the location, speed and direction sensor comprises using the GPS receiver/processor for periodically receiving GPS signals and deriving location, speed and direction information therefrom and using that information calculating the VETA.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the GPS derived information is transmitted from the vehicle subsystem to the intersection subsystem and comparing of the VETA and the PTA is done at the intersection subsystem.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein said GPS information is obtained by use of a differential GPS method in which the known point is at the intersection.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein there is a differential GPS reference station and a radio transmitter as part of the intersection subsystem and further comprising;

sending GPS pseudorange correction terms from the intersection subsystem to the vehicle subsystem;

applying the GPS pseudorange correction terms to the GPS information received by the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS position, speed and direction information for the vehicle.

37. The method of claim 36 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

38. The method of claim 31 wherein the step of establishing a PTA for the approach comprises;

selecting a first time period which is a selected time including selected portions of the control cycle of the traffic controller for the intersection;

selecting a second time period which is a selected estimate of time to clear stored-up traffic and which may be zero;

adding the first and second time periods to defined the PTA; and

storing the PTA in the computer in the intersection subsystem.

39. The method of claim 31 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

40. A method for traffic signal preemption for a vehicle approaching a signalized intersection comprising;

for each approach to the intersection for which it is desired to permit preemption selecting a time period defining a programmed time of arrival (PTA) for the approach;

for a vehicle traveling the approach toward the intersection, periodically determining the time period for its arrival at the intersection, each such determination defining a vehicle estimated time of arrival (VETA) for the vehicle at the intersection;

establishing as at least one qualification for preemption for the vehicle that the VETA satisfy a predetermined relationship to the PTA defining a PTA-VETA relationship;

comparing the VETA at selected periodic determinations thereof with the PTA to determine if the PTA-VETA relationship has been satisfied;

upon the PTA-VETA relationship being satisfied and any other requirements for preemption qualification being satisfied, implementing a preemption procedure which puts the intersection signals in a specified preemption condition for the vehicle.

41. The method of claim 40 wherein the PTA includes at least a first time portion for completion of selected time intervals of the intersection control cycle at the intersection prior to putting the intersection signals in the specified preemption condition.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the PTA further includes an additional second time portion based on an estimate of time to clear stored-up traffic which may be zero, the PTA being the sum of the first and second time portions.

43. The method of claim 40 wherein the VETA is periodically determined by periodically obtaining GPS information for the vehicle.

44. The method of claim 40 wherein the PTA-VETA relationship is that the VETA is equal to or less than the PTA.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the GPS information for the vehicle is obtained by a differential GPS method in which the known point is at the intersection.

46. The method of claim 45 further wherein there is a differential GPS reference station and a radio transmitter as part of the intersection subsystem comprising;

sending GPS pseudorange correction terms from the intersection subsystem to the vehicle subsystem;

applying the GPS pseudorange correction terms to the GPS information received by the vehicle subsystem and therefrom deriving corrected GPS position, speed and direction information for the vehicle.

47. The method of claim 46 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

48. The method of claim 40 wherein the preemption condition of the signals for the vehicle is that all signals for the approach be green.

49. The method of claim 40 further wherein a point on the approach a selected distance from the intersection is designated a minimum preempt point and the intersection computer is programmed to request preemption when an approaching otherwise qualified vehicle is at or past the minimum preempt line even if it has not yet met the predetermined VETA-PTA relationship.

50. A traffic preemption apparatus for traffic signal preemption for a vehicle approaching a signalized intersection having a traffic signal controller comprising;

an intersection subsystem comprising;

a programmed computer having stored in it an approach track for each approach to the intersection for which preemption is desired, and having stored in it a selected time period (PTA) for each such approach;

a radio receiver to receive signals from a vehicle subsystem; and

a signal circuit to the traffic signal controller to send requests; and

a vehicle subsystem comprising;

a GPS receiver/processor;

a programmed computer; and

a radio transmitter;

the vehicle subsystem sending GPS derived position, speed and direction information to the intersection subsystem where the intersection computer computes a time of arrival of the vehicle at the intersection (VETA) and is programmed to compare the PTA and the VETA and if a specified programmed relationship is satisfied, and any other qualifications are satisfied, to cause the signal circuit to send a request for preemption to the traffic signal controller.

51. The traffic preemption system of claim 50 wherein the intersection subsystem has a differential GPS reference station and a radio transmitter and the vehicle has a radio receiver and the intersection subsystem transmits GPS pseudorange corrections and the vehicle subsystem receives the GPS pseudorange corrections and applies them to establish corrected GPS information to be used to determine the vehicle'"'"'s position, speed and direction.