Method and apparatus for encoding high-fidelity still images in MPEG bitstreams

• US 5,987,179 A
• Filed: 09/05/1997
• Issued: 11/16/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/05/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Monument Peak Ventures, LLC (Dominion Harbor Enterprises, LLC)
• Original Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company
• Inventors: Riek, Jonathan K., Erdem, Arif T., Rabbani, Majid
• Primary Examiner(s): Tadayon, Bijan
• Application Number:
  US08/925,837
• Time in Patent Office: 802 Days
• Field of Search: 348/416, 348/423, 348/845.1, 348/845.3, 348/7, 348/408, 714/756, 714/822, 714/824, 341/51, 382/243, 382/239, 382/232, 382/233, 382/234, 382/235, 382/236, 382/238, 382/240, 382/244, 382/248, 382/250, 382/251, 382/252, 382/253, 709/219, 709/231, 455/4.2, 358/403, 358/439
• US Class Current: 382/236
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/107 between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/126 Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/154 Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion use of rate-distortion criteria H04N19/147
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/162 User input
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/192 the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/30 using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability H04N19/63 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/60 using transform coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding

Abstract

A frame in an uncompressed digital video signal is selected for encoding as a high-fidelity still image. The digital video signal is MPEG encoded to produce an MPEG encoded bitstream and additional bits are employed to encode the selected frame, to produce the MPEG encoded bitstream. The additional bits are determined by fixing the values of MQUANT and "intra DC mult" for all macroblocks in the selected frame. In an alternative method, the extra bits are determined by repeating the selected frame a plurality of times in the digital video signal prior to encoding the selected frame.

Claims

1. A method of encoding a high-fidelity still image in an MPEG bitstream, comprising the steps of:

a) selecting a frame in an uncompressed digital video signal for encoding as a high-fidelity still image;

b) MPEG encoding the digital video signal, using additional bits to encode the selected frame, to produce an MPEG encoded bitstream.

2. The method claimed in claim 1, where the additional bits in step b are determined by fixing the value of MQUANT and "intra DC mult" for all macroblocks in the selected frame.

3. The method claimed in claim 1, where the additional bits in step b are determined by repeating the selected frame a plurality of times in the digital video signal prior to encoding the selected frame.

4. The method claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of inserting user data in the MPEG bitstream indicating the location of the high-fidelity still images.

5. The method claimed in claim 3, further comprising the step of adjusting MQUANT in the MPEG encoding step to successively finer levels for each subsequent repeated frame.

6. The method claimed in claim 5 where the adjustment of MQUANT consists of the following steps

a) determining a desired value for MQUANT;

b) comparing the MQUANT value determined by the MPEG encoder for each macroblock with the desired value for MQUANT;

c) if the value of MQUANT determined by the MPEG encoder is smaller than the desired value for MQUANT, substituting the desired value for the determined value; and

d) if the value of MQUANT determined by the MPEG encoder is larger than the desired value for MQUANT, utilizing the value of MQUANT determined by the MPEG encoder.

7. The method claimed in claim 3, further comprising the step of fixing MQUANT in the MPEG encoding step and encoding only successive portions of the macroblocks of each subsequent repeated frame, and skipping the remainder of the macroblocks in the repeated frames.

8. The method claimed in claim 3, wherein the selected frame is encoded as an I or P picture and repetitions of the selected frame are encoded as B or P pictures.

9. The method claimed in claim 8, wherein the repetitions of the selected frame are encoded as B pictures and only a portion of the macroblocks of each B picture is encoded and the remainder of the macroblocks in the B picture are skipped.

10. The method claimed in claim 3, wherein the repeated frames occur before and after the selected frame in the uncompressed digital video signal.

11. The method claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of indicating the location of the high-fidelity still images in an external data base.

12. The method claimed in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:

a) decoding the selected frame; and

b) decoding only the macroblocks that were encoded in the repeated frames and not decoding the skipped macroblocks.

13. Apparatus for producing an MPEG bitstream having one or more high-fidelity still images, comprising:

a) means for generating an uncompressed digital video signal;

b) means for selecting a frame in the uncompressed digital video signal to be compressed as a high-fidelity still image;

c) means for repeating the selected frame in the uncompressed digital video signal; and

d) an MPEG encoder for encoding the digital video signal containing repeated frames.

14. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, further comprising means for inserting user data in the MPEG bitstream indicating the location of the high-fidelity still images.

15. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, wherein the MPEG encoder encodes the selected frame as an I or P picture and the repeated frames as B or P pictures.

16. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, further comprising means for adjusting quantization in the MPEG encoder to successively finer levels for each subsequent repeated frame.

17. The apparatus claimed in claim 16, wherein the means for adjusting quantization includes:

a) means for determining a desired value for quantization;

b) means for comparing the quantization determined by the MPEG encoder for each macroblock with the desired quantization;

c) means for substituting the desired quantization for the determined value if the quantization determined by the MPEG encoder is finer than the desired quantization; and

d) means for utilizing the quantization determined by the MPEG encoder if the quantization determined by the MPEG encoder is coarser than the desired quantization.

18. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, further comprising means for fixing the quantization in the MPEG encoder and encoding only successive portions of the macroblocks of each subsequent repeated frame, and skipping the remainder of the macroblocks in the repeated frames.

19. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, wherein the MPEG encoder encodes the selected frame as an I or P picture and encodes repetitions of the selected frame as B or P pictures.

20. The apparatus claimed in claim 19, wherein the MPEG encoder encodes repetitions of the selected frame as B pictures and encodes only a portion of the macroblocks of each B picture and skips the remainder of the macroblocks in the B picture.

21. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, wherein the repeated frames occur before and after the selected frame in the uncompressed digital video signal.

22. The apparatus claimed in claim 13, further comprising means for indicating the location of the high-fidelity still images in an external data base.

23. The apparatus claimed in claim 20, further comprising:

a) means for decoding the selected frame; and

b) means for decoding only the macroblocks that were encoded in the repeated frames and not decoding the skipped macroblocks.

24. Apparatus for producing an MPEG bitstream having one or more high-fidelity still images, comprising:

a) means for generating an uncompressed digital video signal;

b) means for selecting a frame in the uncompressed digital video signal to be compressed as a high-fidelity still image;

c) an MPEG encoder for encoding the digital video signal; and

d) means for keeping the quantization constant for each macroblock in the MPEG encoder.