Tool calibrator

• US 5,987,960 A
• Filed: 09/26/1997
• Issued: 11/23/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: MAKO Surgical Corporation (Stryker Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Dayton, Patrick A., Messner, Dale A.
• Primary Examiner(s): RAEVIS, ROBERT R
• Application Number:
  US08/938,210
• Time in Patent Office: 788 Days
• Field of Search: 73/1.79, 73/1.81, 73/104, 348/135, 348/142, 348/61, 606/130
• US Class Current: 73/1.79
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/00 Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets A61B18/00 takes precedence; contraceptive devices, pessaries, or applicators therefor A61F6/00; eye surgery A61F9/007; ear surgery A61F11/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00725 Calibration or performance testing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/107 Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2055 Optical tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2068 using pointers, e.g. pointers having reference marks for determining coordinates of body points
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/207 Divots for calibration
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3983 Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis

Abstract

A tool calibrator includes two portions shaped to slidably engage and secure a tool in a desired position. The tool is secured by a series of staggered V shaped grooves on each of the two portions having a known geometrical relationship with a diameter of a tool head of the tool. The tool calibrator further includes at least one position signaling device for communicating a location of the tool calibrator in an operating room or other area. A position and direction of a tip of the tool is determined by comparing a location of the tool secured within the tool calibrator to the location of each of the two portions. Further, based on the location of each of the two portions, the diameter of the tool head is calculated.

Claims

1. A tool for determining an attribute of a surgical tool, the tool comprising:

means for positioning a tip of the surgical tool to a desired location of the tool; and

a position signaling device fixed in relation to the desired location, wherein the position signaling device is adapted for operative communication with an image guided surgery system.

2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the means for positioning comprises means for determining a trajectory of a tool head of the surgical tool.

3. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the means for positioning the tip of the surgical tool includes a first portion and a second portion.

4. The tool according to claim 3, wherein each of the first portion and the second portion includes at least one V shaped groove.

5. The tool according to claim 4, wherein an angle of each of the at least one V shaped groove is substantially 90 degrees.

6. The tool according to claim 5, wherein the first portion and the second portion include a slidable interface.

7. The tool according to claim 3, comprising at least three position signaling devices disposed on the first portion and at least three position signaling devices disposed on the second portion.

8. The tool according to claim 7, wherein each of the position signaling device comprises one of a reflective element and an infrared emitter.

9. The tool according to claim 1 wherein the means for positioning comprises means for determining a diameter of the surgical tool.

10. The tool according to claim 9, wherein the desired location is on a surface of the tool having a plane substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the surgical tool.

11. A system for determining an attribute of a surgical tool, the system comprising:

a tool including;

means for securing a tip of the surgical tool to a desired location; and

a signaling device fixed in relation to the desired location;

means for tracking the signaling device; and

means for processing information tracked by the means for tracking.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the means for securing the tip of the surgical tool comprises means for determining a diameter of a tool head of the surgical tool.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the means for securing the tip of the surgical tool includes a first portion and a second portion.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first portion and the second portion include a slidable interface.

15. The system according to claim 14, comprising at least three position signaling devices disposed on the first portion and at least three position signaling devices disposed on the second portion.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein each of the position signaling device comprises one of a reflective element and an infrared emitter.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein the means for processing information tracked by the means for tracking is a computer system.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the means for tracking is an infrared localizer.

19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:

a means for displaying the location of the tip of the surgical tool with respect to an object.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the means for displaying the location of the tip is a monitor.

21. A method of determining an attribute of a surgical tool for use in an image guided surgery system, the method comprising the steps of:

positioning a tip of the surgical tool to a desired location, the location fixed in relation to a position signaling device;

securing the surgical tool in place in relationship to the desired location; and

sensing by a component of the image guided surgery system a location of the position signaling device.

22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of

sensing by the component of the image guided surgery system a location of the surgical tool.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the desired location is on a first portion and the step of securing the surgical tool in place comprises the step of:

sliding a second portion into position with respect to the first portion such that the surgical tool is secured in place.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the first portion and the second portion each include a V shaped groove.

25. The method of according to claim 24, wherein each of the V shaped grooves is at a 90 degree angle.