Methods for automatically generating a three-dimensional geometric solid from two-dimensional view sets including automatic segregation of open, closed and disjoint curves into views using their center of gravity

• US 5,990,897 A
• Filed: 09/12/1997
• Issued: 11/23/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Patrick J. Hanratty
• Original Assignee: Patrick J. Hanratty
• Inventors: Hanratty, Patrick J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Powell, Mark R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ROSSI, JEFFREY A
• Application Number:
  US08/928,831
• Time in Patent Office: 802 Days
• Field of Search: 345/420, 345/427, 382/288
• US Class Current: 345/420
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/00 Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/10 Geometric effects
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/422 Technical drawings; Geographical maps

Abstract

Techniques are developed for defining an engine which has as its input two-dimensional drawing views, wherein the engine produces a three-dimensional geometric solid. The engine comprises, among other things, a set of rules for identifying particular elements within the various two-dimensional views, and for determining the useful relationships between elements (e.g., arcs, lines, and the like) in one view vis-a-vis related elements in another view, to thereby ascertain the three-dimensional form defined by these elements and their corresponding relations to other elements.

Claims

1. A method of generating and displaying a three-dimensional geometric solid from two-dimensional drawing data using a digital computer, wherein said two-dimensional drawing data comprises a plurality of geometric entities, comprising the steps of:

(a) segregating said geometric entities into a plurality of respective view sets, wherein said segregating step comprises the steps of;

grouping said geometric entities into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

ordering said closed curve sets as a function of area;

computing a center of gravity for each of said closed curve sets;

grouping at least one of said closed curve sets into a unique one of said view sets in accordance with said ordering step, said computing step, and whether said curve set makes contact with another of said closed curve sets;

grouping at least one of said open curve sets into a unique one of said view sets by identifying a closed curve set with which it makes contact; and

grouping each of said disjoint curves into a unique one of said view sets by identifying a closed curve set with which it makes contact;

(b) automatically identifying a plurality of relational constraints associated with said geometric entities; and

(c) automatically generating and displaying said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said segregating and defining steps.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set, wherein said ordering step comprises the steps of;

computing a center of gravity for each of said view sets;

identifying a plan view set in accordance with user input; and

ordering said second view set in accordance with the position of said plan view set center of gravity with respect to the position of said second view set center of gravity;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid type;

defining a base solid in accordance with said base solid type;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid type, wherein said step of determining the base solid type comprises the steps of;

classifying the base solid as a rotational sweep type when;

a) all closed curves in said plan view set are concentric circles or closed curve sets substantially concentric with the plan view main boundary; and

b) said second view set is substantially axi-symmetric about its center;

classifying the base solid as a smooth blended solid type when said second view set comprises only geometric entities that are lines whose ends would coincide with the extensions of vertical or horizontal tangents to the extrema of each of said closed curve sets within said plan view set; and

classifying the base solid as an axial sweep type when neither the smooth blended solid criteria nor rotational sweep criteria are met;

defining a base solid in accordance with said base solid type;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid to be of the axial sweep type;

defining a base solid, wherein said step of defining said base solid comprises the steps of;

establishing the main boundary of said plan view set;

identifying a view depth geometric entity associated with said plan view main boundary in accordance with said relational constraints; and

defining an axial sweep base solid in accordance with said plan view main boundary and said view depth geometric entity;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid to be of the rotational sweep type;

defining a base solid, wherein said step of defining said base solid comprises the steps of;

ascertaining a profile corresponding to said plan view main boundary;

determining the axis of symmetry; and

defining the base solid in accordance with the locus of points resulting from a rotation of said profile about said axis of symmetry in arbitrarily small increments;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid to be of the smooth blended type;

defining a base solid, wherein said step of defining said base solid comprises the step of forming smooth blends as transitions between each successive closed curve set;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said generating step comprises the steps of:

ordering said view sets as a plan view set and at least one second view set;

grouping said geometric entities within said plan view set and said second view set into closed curve sets, open curve sets and disjoint curves;

determining a base solid type;

defining a base solid in accordance with said base solid type;

defining a plurality of solid atoms; and

creating said three-dimensional geometric solid in accordance with said base solid and said plurality of solid atoms;

wherein said step of defining a plurality of solid atoms comprises the steps of;

performing, for each of said view sets taken in an order determined by said ordering step, the steps of;

a) designating said view set as the current view set;

b) processing each of said disjoint curves, wherein said processing comprises the steps of;

1) establishing the orientation of said disjoint curve, wherein said orientation is either vertical, horizontal, or oblique;

2) establishing the curve type, wherein said curve type is either a line or non-line;

3) defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve in accordance with said curve type and orientation;

c) processing each of said closed curve sets, wherein said processing comprises the steps of;

1) establishing the extrema orientation of said closed curve set;

2) establishing the extrema curve type, wherein said extrema curve type is either linear or non-linear;

3) establishing whether the YMAX extrema is a point-on-a-curve;

4) defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set in accordance with said curve type and orientation;

c) processing each of said open curve sets, wherein said processing comprises the steps of;

1) locating a touching curve within said current view set which contacts said open curve set;

2) determining the orientation of said touching curve;

3) determining whether said open curve set is semi-rectangular; and

4) defining a solid atom associated with said open curve set in accordance the orientation of said touching curve and whether said open curve set is semi-rectangular.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve includes the step of processing vertical disjoint lines, said step comprising the steps of:

a) identifying, within a view set other than said current view set, a match curve which corresponds to said disjoint curve in accordance with said relational constraints, wherein the view set comprising said match curve is designated the work view set;

b) in the case where said match curve is within the work view set main boundary, performing the steps of;

1) searching within the curve set comprising said match curve for a chain of curves whose extrema values include exactly two chosen from the set XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, and YMAX

2) designating said chain of curves as the active curve set;

3) closing said active curve set in accordance with said extrema values;

c) in the case where said match curve is within an interior closed curve set, defining said closed curve set as the active curve set;

d) determining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

e) rotating said active curve set about an axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within the plane of said work view set;

f) translating said active curve set by a translation vector defined in accordance with the position of said disjoint curve with respect to said active curve set and the thickness of said base solid; and

g) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set, said translation vector, and the length of said disjoint line.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve includes the step of processing vertical disjoint non-lines, said step comprising the steps of:

a) identifying a tangent line, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said vertical disjoint non-line in accordance with said relational constraints, wherein the view set comprising said tangent line is designated the work view set;

b) locating the intersections of said vertical disjoint non-line and said current view main boundary;

c) closing the vertical disjoint non-line in accordance with said intersections and said current view main boundary;

d) defining a translation vector in accordance with the length of said tangent line; and

e) defining said solid atom in accordance with said vertical disjoint non-line and said translation vector.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve includes the step of processing horizontal disjoint lines, said step comprising the steps of:

a) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said disjoint curve in accordance with said relational constraints, wherein the view set comprising said match curve is designated the work view set;

b) in the case where said match curve is within the work view set main boundary, performing the steps of;

1) searching within the curve set comprising said match curve for a chain of curves whose extrema values include exactly two chosen from the set XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, and YMAX;

2) designating said chain of curves as the active curve set;

3) closing said active curve set in accordance with said extrema values;

c) in the case where said match curve is within an interior closed curve set, defining said closed curve set as the active curve set;

d) determining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

e) rotating said active curve set about an axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within the plane of said work view set;

f) translating said active curve set by a translation vector defined in accordance with the position of said disjoint curve with respect to said active curve set and the thickness of said base solid; and

g) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set, said translation vector, and the length of said disjoint line.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve includes the step of processing horizontal disjoint non-lines, said step comprising the steps of:

a) identifying a tangent line, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said horizontal disjoint non-line in accordance with said relational constraints, wherein the view set comprising said tangent line is designated the work view set;

b) locating the intersections of said horizontal disjoint non-line and said current view main boundary;

c) closing the horizontal disjoint non-line in accordance with said intersections and said current view main boundary; and

d) defining said solid atom in accordance with said vertical disjoint non-line and the length of said vertical disjoint non-line.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said disjoint curve includes the step of processing oblique disjoint lines, said step comprising the steps of:

a) identifying a main boundary curve which contacts said oblique disjoint line;

b) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said disjoint curve in accordance with said relational constraints, wherein the view set comprising said match curve is designated the work view set;

c) defining a rotation point collinear with said oblique disjoint line which lies outside said current view set main boundary;

d) defining a rotation angle as the angle that said main boundary curve makes with the positive X-coordinate axis of said current view set;

e) designating as the work view set an appropriate oblique view set corresponding to said match curve;

f) determining the intersections of said oblique disjoint non-line and said current view main boundary;

g) closing the oblique disjoint line in accordance with said intersections and said current view set main boundary, thereby defining an active curve set;

h) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

i) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

j) translating said active curve set by a translation vector defined in accordance with the position of said disjoint curve with respect to said active curve set and the thickness of said base solid; and

k) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set, said translation vector and said axis of rotation.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set includes the step of processing vertical XMAX closed curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an active XMAX line;

b) identifying a collinear line, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said XMAX line in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) in the case where said vertical XMAX closed curve set is a rectangle parallel to the X-coordinate axis of said current view set and said collinear line is part of a closed curve set which is not a rectangle parallel to said X-coordinate axis, performing the steps of;

1) defining the closed curve set comprising said collinear line as the active curve set;

2) defining said active XMAX line as the active disjoint line;

3) determining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

4) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within the plane of said work view set;

5) translating said active curve set by a translation vector defined in accordance with the position of said disjoint curve with respect to said active curve set and the thickness of said base solid;

6) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set, said translation vector, and the length of said disjoint line;

d) in the case where said vertical XMAX closed curve set is not a rectangle parallel to the X-coordinate axis of said current view set or said collinear line is not a part of a closed curve set which is not a rectangle parallel to said X-coordinate axis, performing the steps of;

1) defining a local top in accordance with whether said closed curve set is within a larger closed curve set; and

2) defining said solid atom in accordance with said local top, the length of said collinear line, and said vertical XMAX closed curve set.

14. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set includes the step of processing non-linear YMAX closed curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an active YMAX curve;

b) identifying a line tangent to said active YMAX curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said YMAX curve in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining the view set comprising said tangent line as the work view set;

d) defining a local top in accordance with whether said closed curve set is within a larger closed curve set; and

e) defining said solid atom in accordance with said local top, the length of said tangent line, and said non-linear YMAX closed curve set.

15. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set includes the step of processing horizontal YMAX closed curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an active YMAX line;

b) identifying a collinear line, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said YMAX line in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) in the case where said horizontal YMAX closed curve set is a rectangle parallel to the X-coordinate axis of said current view set and said collinear line is part of a closed curve set which is not a rectangle parallel to said X-coordinate axis, performing the steps of;

1) defining the closed curve set comprising said collinear line as the active curve set;

2) defining said active YMAX line as the active disjoint line;

3) determining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

4) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within the plane of said work view set;

5) translating said active curve set by a translation vector defined in accordance with the position of said disjoint curve with respect to said active curve set and the thickness of said base solid;

6) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set, said translation vector, and the length of said disjoint line;

d) in the case where said horizontal YMAX closed curve set is not a rectangle parallel to the X-coordinate axis of said current view set or said collinear line is not a part of a closed curve set which is not a rectangle parallel to said X-coordinate axis, performing the steps of;

1) defining a local top in accordance with whether said closed curve set is within a larger closed curve set; and

2) defining said solid atom in accordance with said local top, the length of said collinear line, and said horizontal YMAX closed curve set.

16. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set includes the step of processing non-linear XMAX closed curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an active XMAX curve;

b) identifying a line tangent to said active XMAX curve, in a view set other than said current view set, in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining the view set comprising said tangent line as the work view set;

d) defining a local top in accordance with whether said closed curve set is within a larger closed curve set; and

e) defining said solid atom in accordance with said local top, the length of said tangent line, and said non-linear XMAX closed curve set.

17. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said closed curve set includes the step of processing point-on-a-curve XMAX closed curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an active XMAX curve;

b) identifying a line tangent to said active XMAX curve, in a view set other than said current view set, in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining the view set comprising said tangent line as the work view set;

d) defining a local top in accordance with whether said closed curve set is within a larger closed curve set; and

e) defining said solid atom in accordance with said local top, the length of said tangent line, and said point-on-a-curve XMAX closed curve set.

18. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said open curve set includes the step of processing open curve sets which use a second view main boundary, said step comprising the steps of:

a) in the case where said open curve set is substantially horizontal, performing the steps of;

1) identifying a longest line as the longest horizontal line in said open curve set;

2) identifying a touching curve in said current view main set boundary which contacts said longest line;

3) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said longest line in accordance with said relation constraints;

4) defining the view set comprising said match curve as the work view set;

5) continuing with step c) below;

b) in the case where said open curve set is substantially vertical, performing the steps of;

1) identifying a longest line as the longest vertical line in said open curve set;

2) identifying a touching curve in said current view main boundary which contacts said longest line;

3) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said longest line in accordance with said relational constraints;

4) defining the view set comprising said match curve as the work view set;

c) in the case where said match curve is within the main boundary, performing the steps of;

1) searching within the curve set comprising said match curve for a chain of curves whose extrema values include exactly two chosen from the set XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, and YMAX;

2) designating said chain of curves as the active curve set;

3) closing said active curve set in accordance with said extrema values; and

4) defining said solid atom in accordance with said active curve set and the length of said longest line.

19. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said open curve set includes the step of processing horizontal touching curve open curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an open curve set XMAX line;

b) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said open curve set XMAX line in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining the view set comprising said match curve as the work view set;

d) in the case where said match curve is within a work view open curve set and said work view open curve set is a semi-rectangle, performing the following steps;

1) closing said horizontal touching curve open curve set; and

2) defining said solid atom in accordance with said match curve and said closed horizontal touching curve open curve set;

e) in the case where said work view open curve set touches said work view set boundary in two places but is not a semi-rectangle, performing the steps of;

1) closing said work view open curve set;

2) defining an active curve set to be said closed work view open curve set;

3) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

4) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

5) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set XMAX line, said active curve set, and the thickness of said base solid;

6) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set;

f) in the case where said match curve is within a closed curve set, performing the steps of;

1) defining an active curve set to be said closed curve set;

2) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

3) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

4) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set XMAX line, said active curve set, and the thickness of said base solid; and

5) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set.

20. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said open curve set includes the step of processing vertical touching curve open curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an open curve set YMIN line;

b) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said YMIN line in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining the view set comprising said match curve as the work view set;

d) in the case where said match curve is within a work view open curve set and said work view open curve set is a semi-rectangle, performing the following steps;

1) closing said vertical touching curve open curve set; and

2) defining said solid atom in accordance with said match curve and said closed vertical touching curve open curve set;

e) in the case where said work view open curve set touches said work view set boundary in two places but is not a semi-rectangle, performing the steps of;

1) closing said work view open curve set;

2) defining an active curve set to be said closed work view open curve set;

3) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

4) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

5) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set YMIN line, said active curve set, and the thickness of said base solid;

6) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set;

f) in the case where said match curve is within a closed curve set, performing the steps of;

1) defining an active curve set to be said closed curve set;

2) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

3) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

4) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set YMIN line, said active curve set, and a thickness of said base solid; and

5) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set.

21. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of defining a solid atom associated with said open curve set includes the step of processing oblique touching curve open curve sets, said step comprising the steps of:

a) defining an open curve set end line;

b) identifying a match curve, in a view set other than said current view set, which corresponds to said end line in accordance with said relational constraints;

c) defining a view set comprising said match curve as the work view set;

d) in the case where said match curve is within a work view open curve set and said work view open curve set is a semi-rectangle, performing the following steps;

1) closing said horizontal touching curve open curve set; and

2) defining said solid atom in accordance with said match curve and said closed oblique touching curve open curve set;

e) in the case where said work view open curve set touches the work view set boundary in two places but is not a semi-rectangle, performing the steps of;

1) closing said work view open curve set;

2) defining an active curve set to be said closed work view open curve set;

3) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

4) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

5) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set XMAX line, said active curve set, and a thickness of said base solid;

6) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set;

f) in the case where said match curve is within a closed curve set, performing the steps of;

1) defining an active curve set to be said closed curve set;

2) defining an axis of rotation in accordance with said work view set;

3) rotating said active curve set about said axis of rotation in order to place said active curve set within a plane of said work view set;

4) defining a displacement vector in accordance with said open curve set XMAX line, said active curve set, and the thickness of said base solid; and

5) defining said solid atom in accordance with said displacement vector, said axis of rotation, and said closed work view open curve set.