Transcoder with prevention of tandem coding of speech

• US 5,991,716 A
• Filed: 10/14/1997
• Issued: 11/23/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 2011 Intellectual Property Asset Trust (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nokia Telecommunications Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Lehtimaki, Matti
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieland, Susan
• Application Number:
  US08/930,988
• Time in Patent Office: 770 Days
• Field of Search: 704/214, 704/219, 704/212, 370/79, 455/33.1, 455/116
• US Class Current: 704/212
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/16 Vocoder architecture
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/173 Transcoding, i.e. converting between two coded representations avoiding cascaded coding-decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/181 Transcoding devices; Rate adaptation devices

Abstract

A transcoder which prevents tandem coding of speech in a mobile-to-mobile call within a mobile communication system uses a speech coding method for reducing transmission rate on the radio path. The transcoder includes a speech coder, which encodes the speech signal into speech parameters for transmission to a mobile station, and decodes the speech parameters received from the mobile station into a speech signal according to the speech coding method, as well as a PCM coder for transmitting an uplink speech signal to and for receiving a downlink speech signal from a PCM interface in the form of PCM speech samples. In addition to the normal operation, the transcoder transmits and receives speech parameters through a PCM interface in a subchannel formed by least significant bits of the PCM speech samples. Thus, it is possible to prevent tandem coding while maintaining the standard PCM interface, and the signaling and services associated thereto.

Claims

1. A transcoder, for a mobile communication system which uses a speech coding method which reduces a transmission rate of speech on a radio path, said transcoder comprising:

a speech coder which encodes a speech signal to be transmitted to at least one mobile station into speech parameters, and decodes speech parameters received from at least one mobile station into a speech signal according to said speech coding method; and

a PCM coder which transmits an uplink speech signal to and receives a downlink speech signal from a PCM interface in the form of PCM speech samples,

wherein said transcoder transmits and receives said speech parameters in a subchannel formed by at least one least significant bit of said PCM speech samples simultaneously with said PCM speech samples, in order to prevent tandem coding of speech in a mobile-to-mobile call.

2. The transcoder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said speech parameters are transmitted in speech frames through said subchannel, said speech frames also carrying control and synchronization information, and

said speech frames received from said subchannel are downlink frames, and said speech frames being sent to said subchannel are uplink frames.

3. The transcoder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transcoder forwards said speech parameters received from said at least one mobile station both as decoded PCM speech samples and as undecoded speech parameters in said subchannel.

4. The transcoder as claimed in claim 2, wherein said transcoder forwards said speech parameters received in a speech frame from said subchannel to said at least one mobile station without encoding, but possibly modified according to control information of said uplink frame,

said speech coder continuously encode PCM speech samples into speech parameters, and

said transcoder transmits said speech parameters encoded from the PCM speech samples to said at least one mobile station, if said transcoder does not receive speech parameters from said subchannel properly.

5. The transcoder as claimed in claim 4, wherein said transcoder is synchronized to said synchronization information received from said subchannel, and wherein said transcoder continuously searches said frame synchronization in said speech frames received from said subchannel and recognizes said speech frames as properly received, if synchronization is found.

6. The transcoder as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames in accordance with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61.

7. The transcoder as claimed in claim 2, wherein said transcoder is a remote transcoder located remote from said at least one base station, said remote transcoder being arranged to communicate with said at least one base station by using speech frames that are substantially similar to speech frames used in said subchannel, and wherein synchronization between transcoders is substantially similar to synchronization between said at least one base station and said transcoder.

8. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein a bad uplink frame contains a bad frame indicator, and

said bad transcoder responds to said bad frame indicator in said uplink frame received from said at least one base station by inserting speech encoding information of a previous speech frame in a speech frame being sent forward and removing said bad frame indicator.

9. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said transcoder responds to said bad frame indicator in several successive uplink frames from said at least one base station by carrying out predetermined muting operations to speech encoding information except decoding, prior to packing said speech encoding information into frames and sending said speech frames forward, and by removing said bad frame indicator.

10. The transcoder as claimed in claim 9, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames in accordance with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

said muting operation corresponds with GSM recommendation 06.11 or 06.21 without decoding.

11. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation (TRAU) frames in accordance with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

all operations associated with comfort noise generation are carried out as determined in any of the GSM recommendations 06.11, 06.21, 06.12, 06.22, 06.31, and 06.41.

12. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said transcoder responds to receiving, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, a transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frame which is a valid SID frame according to the GSM recommendation 06.31 or 06.41 by carrying out comfort noise updating and generation according to GSM recommendation 06.12 or 06.22, without decoding.

13. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said speech transcoder is responsive to receiving, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, a frame which is marked with a BFI bit value 1, indicating it as a bad frame or an idle speech frame for continuing generation of comfort noise according to the GSM recommendation 06.12 or 06.22 without decoding.

14. The transcoder as claimed in claim 13, wherein said transcoder responds to receiving a transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frame, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, from an A interface which a transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frame can be interpreted as a frame for comfort noise updating or generating according to GSM recommendation 06.31 or 06.41, by changing the frame downlink direction to a frame having an SP bit value of 0, a SID code word set to an unused speech parameters, and the other unused speech parameters having a value of 0.

15. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

said transcoder responds to receiving from an A interface, a TRAU frame, which is a normal speech frame, by changing the type of frame to a normal downlink speech frame and setting an SP bit and spare bits to 1.

16. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 7, wherein synchronization between said at least one base station and said transcoder as well as synchronization between transcoders correspond with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61.

17. The transcoder as claimed in claim 7, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and wherein said base station uplink frames contain a speech encoding disabled indicator in a mobile-to-mobile call, said speech encoding disabled indicator comprises a value determining the new TRAU frame type in the frame type field, or a TRAU frame of free control bits or a combination thereof, according to GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61.

18. The transcoder as claimed in claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

said transcoder responds to receiving from said PCM interface a TRAU frame, which is a normal speech frame, by changing the type of frame to a normal downlink speech frame and sending said frame forward to said at least one base station.

19. The transcoder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and wherein said transcoder carries out all normal operations, except decoding to uplink frames including a speech encoding disabled indicator.

20. The transcoder as claimed in claim 3, wherein said transcoder forwards said speech parameters received in a speech frame from said subchannel to said at least one mobile station without encoding, but possibly modified according to control information of said uplink frame,

said speech coder continuously encode PCM speech samples into speech parameters, and

said transcoder transmits said speech parameters encoded from the PCM speech samples to said at least one mobile station, if said transcoder does not receive speech parameters from said subchannel properly.

21. The transcoder as claimed in claim 20, wherein said transcoder is synchronized to said synchronization information received from said subchannel, and wherein said transcoder continuously searches said frame synchronization in said speech frames received from said subchannel and recognize said speech frames as properly received, if synchronization is found.

22. The transcoder as claimed in claim 3, wherein said transcoder is a remote transcoder located remote from said at least one base station, said remote transcoder being arranged to communicate with said at least one base station by using speech frames that are substantially similar to speech frames used in said subchannel, and wherein synchronization between transcoders is substantially similar to synchronization between said at least one base station and said transcoder.

23. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein a bad uplink frame contains a bad frame indicator, and

said bad transcoder responds to said bad frame indicator in said uplink frame received from said at least one base station by inserting speech encoding information of a previous speech frame in a speech frame being sent forward, and removing said bad frame indicator.

24. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said transcoder responds to said bad frame indicator in several successive uplink frames from said at least one base station by carrying out predetermined muting operations to speech encoding information except decoding, prior to packing said speech encoding information into frames and sending said speech frames forward, and by removing said bad frame indicator.

25. The transcoder as claimed in claim 24, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames in accordance with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

said muting operation corresponds with GSM recommendation 06.11 or 06.21 without decoding.

26. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation (TRAU) frames in accordance with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

all operations, such as muting, associated with comfort noise generation are carried out as determined in any of the GSM recommendations 06.11, 06.21, 06.12, 06.22, 06.31, and 06.41.

27. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said transcoder responds to receiving, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, a transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frame which is a valid SID frame according to the GSM recommendation 06.31 or 06.41 by carrying out comfort noise updating and generation according to GSM recommendation 06.12 or 06.22, without decoding.

28. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said speech transcoder is responsive to receiving, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, a frame which is marked with a BFI bit value 1, indicating it as a bad frame or an idle speech frame for continuing generation of comfort noise according to the GSM recommendation 06.12 or 06.22 without decoding.

29. The transcoder as claimed in claim 28, wherein said transcoder responds to receiving a transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frame, during discontinuous transmission in the uplink direction, from an A interface which a TRAU frame can be interpreted as a frame for comfort noise updating or generating according to GSM recommendation 06.31 or 06.41, by changing the frame downlink direction to a frame having an SP bit value of 0, a SID code word set to an unused speech parameters, and the other unused speech parameters having a value of 0.

30. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and

said transcoder responds to receiving from an A interface, a TRAU frame, which is a normal speech frame, by changing the type of frame to a normal downlink speech frame and setting an SP bit and spare bits to 1.

31. The transcoder as claimed in claim 22, wherein said speech frames are transcoder and rate adaptation unit (TRAU) frames corresponding with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61, and wherein said base station uplink frames contain a speech encoding disabled indicator in a mobile-to-mobile call, said speech encoding disabled indicator comprises a value determining the new TRAU frame type in the frame type field, or a TRAU frame of free control bits or a combination thereof, according to GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61.

32. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 22, wherein synchronization between said at least one base station and said transcoder as well as synchronization between transcoders correspond with GSM recommendation 08.60 or 08.61.

33. A method for preventing tandem coding of speech in a mobile-to-mobile call, said method comprising:

encoding a speech signal by a speech coding method which reduces transmission rate and provides speech parameters;

transmitting said speech parameters over a radio interface to a first transcoder in the mobile communication network;

decoding said speech parameters by said speech coding method to restore said speech signal;

transmitting said speech signal from said first transcoder to a second transcoder as PCM speech samples; and

transmitting said speech parameters, received over said radio interface, from said first transcoder to said second transcoder simultaneously with said PCM speech samples in a subchannel formed by at least one least significant bit of said PCM speech samples.

34. An arrangement for preventing tandem coding of speech in a mobile communication system in which mobile stations and the mobile communication network include speech coders which transmit a speech signal over a radio path in the form of speech coding parameters at a speech coding rate, and in which a mobile-to-mobile call includes, in the mobile communication network, a tandem connection of two speech coders having a normal PCM interface between speech coders in said tandem connection, wherein at least one of said speech coders being arranged to provide a subchannel in at least one least significant bit of PCM speech samples in said PCM interface for forwarding said speech coding parameters provided by said at least one speech coder in at least one mobile station through the mobile communication network without decoding or encoding being carried out in said speech coders of the mobile communication network.

35. A transcoder for a mobile communication system which uses a speech coding method which reduces a transmission rate of speech on a radio path, said transcoder comprising:

a speech coder which encodes a speech signal to be transmitted to at least one mobile station into speech parameters, and decodes speech parameters received from at least one mobile station into a speech signal according to said speech coding method; and

a PCM coder which transmits an uplink speech signal to and receives a downlink speech signal from a PCM interface in the form of PCM speech samples,

wherein said transcoder transmits and receives said speech parameters in a subchannel formed by at least one least significant bit of said PCM speech samples simultaneously with said PCM speech samples, in order to prevent tandem coding of speech in a mobile-to-mobile call,

wherein said transcoder forwards said speech parameters received in a speech frame from said subchannel to said at least one mobile station without encoding, but possibly modified according to control information of said uplink frame,

said speech coder continuously encode PCM speech samples into speech parameters, and

said transcoder transmits said speech parameters encoded from the PCM speech samples to said at least one mobile station, if said transcoder does not receive speech parameters from said subchannel properly.