Synchronous rectifier for boost converters

• US 5,994,882 A
• Filed: 11/03/1998
• Issued: 11/30/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ma, Bing Fong
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US09/185,144
• Time in Patent Office: 392 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/224, 323/282, 363/89
• US Class Current: 323/222
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A boost DC-DC converter with a synchronous composite rectifier is presented. The boost DC-DC converter limits inductive in-rush current, includes a shutdown mode, operates also in step-down mode, and can be fabricated using conventional bipolar processes. The composite rectifier includes a power NPN transistor and a lateral PNP transistor. During converter start-up and in step-down mode (when the output voltage is less than the input voltage), the lateral PNP transistor drives the power NPN transistor. The lateral PNP transistor is biased such that inductive volt-second balance can be maintained, limiting in-rush current. In boost mode (when the output voltage is higher than the input voltage), the lateral PNP transistor is disabled and the power transistor is driven into saturation. Again, inductive volt-second balance can be maintained.

Claims

1. A boost DC-DC converter circuit comprising:

an input terminal for coupling to a voltage source;

an inductive energy storage element coupled to said input terminal;

a composite rectifier coupled to said inductive storage element, said composite rectifier comprising at least two opposite polarity transistors;

a switch coupled between ground and a node formed between said inductive storage element and said composite rectifier;

control circuitry coupled to said switch;

driver circuitry coupled to said composite rectifier; and

an output terminal coupled to said composite rectifier for coupling to a load.

2. The converter circuit of claim 1 wherein said converter circuit is fabricated in a conventional bipolar process.

3. The converter circuit of claim 1 wherein said composite rectifier provides said converter circuit with a shutdown mode.

4. The converter circuit of claim 1 wherein said converter circuit operates in step-down mode.

5. The converter circuit of claim 1 wherein said composite rectifier comprises:

a power NPN transistor having a collector, an emitter, and a base, said collector coupled to said inductive storage element, said emitter coupled to said output terminal, and said base coupled to said driver circuitry; and

a lateral PNP transistor having a collector, an emitter, and a base, said emitter of said lateral transistor coupled to said collector of said power transistor, said collector of said lateral transistor coupled to said base of said power transistor, and said base of said lateral transistor coupled to said driver circuitry.

6. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said driver circuitry disables said lateral transistor and drives said power transistor into saturation when voltage at said output terminal is higher than voltage at said input terminal.

7. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said driver circuitry drives said lateral transistor when voltage at said input terminal is higher than voltage at said output terminal, said lateral transistor driving said power transistor, said power transistor operating outside saturation.

8. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said driver circuitry comprises an SCR driver for driving said power transistor.

9. The converter circuit of claim 8 wherein said driver circuitry further comprises a bootstrap circuit for providing said SCR driver with a high voltage.

10. The converter circuit of claim 8 wherein said driver circuitry further comprises trigger circuitry coupled to said SCR driver for receiving a trigger pulse to improve the turn-ON transient of said power transistor.

11. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said driver circuitry comprises a maximum value circuit for driving said lateral transistor.

12. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said driver circuitry comprises a low-value resistor coupled in series with said base of said lateral transistor for damping a transient response.

13. The converter circuit of claim 5 wherein said lateral transistor has a second collector, said second collector coupled to said base of said lateral transistor.

14. The converter circuit of claim 1 wherein said driver circuitry further comprises hysteretic comparator circuitry for detecting boost or step-down operation, said comparator circuitry having inputs coupled to both said input and output terminals.

15. The converter circuit of claim 14 wherein said comparator circuitry disables said SCR driver when voltage at said input terminal is higher than voltage at said output terminal.

16. A method of limiting inductive in-rush current in a boost DC-DC converter, said converter comprising an output terminal for coupling to a load, an input terminal for coupling to a voltage source, an inductive storage element coupled between said input terminal and said output terminal, a switch coupled between ground and a node formed between said inductive storage element and said output terminal, and control circuitry coupled to said switch, said method comprising:

providing a composite rectifier coupled between said node and said output terminal, said composite rectifier comprising;

a power bipolar transistor, and

a lateral bipolar driver transistor coupled to said power transistor, said power and driver transistors being of opposite polarity;

monitoring voltages at said input terminal and said output terminal;

biasing said composite rectifier such that said driver transistor is disabled and said power transistor is saturated when voltage at said output terminal is at least equal to voltage at said input terminal; and

biasing said composite rectifier such that said driver transistor drives said power transistor when voltage at said output terminal is less than voltage at said input terminal, said power transistor operating outside saturation such that voltage across said composite rectifier is allowed to vary.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising biasing said composite rectifier such that said boost DC-DC converter operates in a shutdown mode.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said boost DC-DC converter is fabricated in a conventional bipolar process.