Driver amplifiers with low noise standby mode characteristics

• US 5,994,955 A
• Filed: 06/26/1998
• Issued: 11/30/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Birkeland, Joel D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pascal, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Patricia T.
• Application Number:
  US09/105,536
• Time in Patent Office: 522 Days
• Field of Search: 330/51, 330/124 R, 330/295, 330/124 D, 330/261
• US Class Current: 330/51
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/26 Push-pull amplifiers; Phase-splitters therefor duplicated single-ended push-pull arrangements or phase-splitters therefor H03F3/30
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/68 Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602

Abstract

The present invention teaches a variety of driver amplifiers having a transmit mode suitable for driving the load resistance of a network with an amplified version of the input signal, and a standby mode wherein the driver amplifier consumes substantially no current and isolates the load resistance from the input signal. These amplifiers are also characterized in that during transitions back and forth between standby mode and transmit mode, a minimum of standby transient leaks out onto the network. Further, the noise power delivered to the network in standby mode is substantially minimized, the remaining noise being primarily due to thermal noise produced by a resistor utilized to provide matched termination to the network.

Claims

1. A driver amplifier operable to enter a standby mode, the driver amplifier comprising:

a first amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the first amplifier operable to generate a first differential signal at the first amplifier output, the first differential signal being a function of signals applied at the first amplifier input and the first amplifier bias control input;

a second amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the second amplifier operable to generate a second differential signal at the second amplifier output, the second differential signal being a function of signals applied at the second amplifier input and the second amplifier bias control input;

a bias generator circuit coupled to the first amplifier bias control input and the second amplifier bias control input, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into a standby mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned off, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into an active mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned on,

wherein the bias generator circuit, the first amplifier, and the second amplifier operate together such that when the bias generator transitions the first and second amplifiers between standby and transmit modes the first and second amplifiers transition simultaneously such that a magnitude of transient noise generated by the first amplifier is substantially similar to a magnitude of transient noise generated by the second amplifier, the driver amplifier further operable such that the first and second amplifiers draw substantially no current when the first and second amplifiers are in the standby mode.

2. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second amplifiers produce substantially no current at the first and second amplifier outputs when the first and second amplifiers are in the standby mode.

3. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 wherein the first and second amplifiers are first and second transistors each having a base, a collector, and an emitter.

4. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 3 wherein the first transistor base is the first amplifier input, the first transistor collector is the first amplifier output, and the first transistor emitter is the first amplifier bias control input.

5. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 4 wherein the second transistor base is the second amplifier input, the second transistor collector is the second amplifier output, and the second transistor emitter is the second amplifier bias control input.

6. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 wherein the bias generator circuit includes three transistors coupled together as a current mirror arranged to steer current through the first and second amplifiers as a function of a bias current Iramp provided at the collector of the third transistor.

7. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 6 wherein the bias current Iramp is substantially zero amps during the standby mode, and during transition from the standby mode to a transmit mode, the bias current Iramp ramps from zero amps to a steady state transmit current.

8. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 further including a resistor R₁ coupled across the first and second amplifier outputs, the resistor R₁ suitable for matching impedance of the driver amplifier during the standby mode with a load the driver amplifier is intended to drive.

9. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 further including a combining network coupled to the first and second amplifier outputs, the combining network operable to respond to differential signals generated at the first and second amplifier outputs and produce therefrom an output signal, the combining network having common-mode rejection characteristics such that transient noise generated by the first and second amplifiers during transition between standby and transmit modes does not leak into the combining network output signal.

10. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 9 further including a resistor R₁ coupled across the first and second amplifier outputs, the resistor R₁ suitable for matching impedance of the driver amplifier during the standby mode with a load the driver amplifier in intended to drive.

11. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 further including a programmable gain amplifier operable to deliver a balanced signal to the first and second amplifiers.

12. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 11 wherein the components of the driver amplifier are formed together on a single integrated circuit package.

13. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 1 wherein the components of the driver amplifier are formed together on a single integrated circuit package.

14. A driver amplifier having a standby mode and a transmit mode, the driver amplifier comprising:

a first amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the first amplifier operable to generate a first differential signal at the first amplifier output, the first differential signal being a function of signals applied at the first amplifier input and the first amplifier bias control input;

a second amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the second amplifier operable to generate a second differential signal at the second amplifier output, the second differential signal being a function of signals applied at the second amplifier input and the second amplifier bias control input;

a bias generator circuit coupled to the first amplifier bias control input and the second amplifier bias control input, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into a standby mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned off, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into an active mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned on; and

a combining network coupled to the first and second amplifier outputs, the combining network operable to respond to differential signals generated at the first and second amplifier outputs and produce therefrom an output signal, the combining network having common-mode rejection characteristics such that any common-mode signal generated by the first and second amplifiers does not leak into the combining network output signal,

wherein the bias generator circuit, the first amplifier, and the second amplifier operate together such that when the bias generator transitions the first and second amplifiers between standby and transmit modes the first and second amplifiers operate in a common mode such that a magnitude of transient noise generated by the first amplifier is substantially similar to a magnitude of transient noise generated by the second amplifier.

15. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14, wherein the first and second amplifiers draw substantially no current when the first and second amplifiers are in the standby mode.

16. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14, wherein the first and second amplifiers produce substantially no current at the first and second amplifier outputs when the first and second amplifiers are in the standby mode.

17. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14 wherein the first and second amplifiers are first and second transistors each having a base, a collector, and an emitter.

18. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 17 wherein the first transistor base is the first amplifier input, the first transistor collector is the first amplifier output, and the first transistor emitter is the first amplifier bias control input.

19. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 18 wherein the second transistor base is the second amplifier input, the second transistor collector is the second amplifier output, and the second transistor emitter is the second amplifier bias control input.

20. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14 wherein the bias generator circuit includes three transistors coupled together as a current mirror arranged to steer current through the first and second amplifiers as a function of a bias current Iramp provided at the collector of the third transistor.

21. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 20 wherein the bias current Iramp is substantially zero amps during the standby mode, and during transition from the standby mode to a transmit mode, the bias current Iramp ramps from zero amps to a steady state transmit current.

22. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14 further including a resistor R₁ coupled across the first and second amplifier outputs, the resistor R₁ suitable for matching impedance of the driver amplifier during the standby mode with a load the driver amplifier in intended to drive.

23. A driver amplifier as recited in claim 14 wherein the combiner network is a transformer.

24. A network comprising a driver amplifier as recited in claim 14.

25. A network as recited in claim 24, the network being a cable television network.

26. A network comprising a plurality of driver amplifiers, wherein at least one of the driver amplifiers has a standby mode and a transmit mode, the standby mode placing the at least one driver amplifier in a power off state such that the at least one driver amplifier consumes substantially no current and generates substantially low noise across the network during the standby mode, the at least one driver amplifier being substantially matched with the network during the standby mode, the at least one driver amplifier generating substantially no transient noise when transitioning between the standby and transmit modes.

27. A network as recited in claim 26 wherein the network is a cable television network.

28. A driver amplifier operable to enter a standby mode, the driver amplifier comprising:

a first amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the first amplifier operable to generate a first differential signal at the first amplifier output, the first differential signal being a function of signals applied at the first amplifier input and the first amplifier bias control input;

a second amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the second amplifier operable to generate a second differential signal at the second amplifier output, the second differential signal being a function of signals applied at the second amplifier input and the second amplifier bias control input;

a bias generator circuit coupled to the first amplifier bias control input and the second amplifier bias control input, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into a standby mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned off, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into an active mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned on,

wherein the bias generator circuit, the first amplifier, and the second amplifier operate together such that when the bias generator transitions the first and second amplifiers between standby and transmit modes the first and second amplifiers transition simultaneously such that a magnitude of transient noise generated by the first amplifier is substantially similar to a magnitude of transient noise generated by the second amplifier, the first amplifier operating such that substantially no current is generated thereby at the first amplifier output when the first amplifier is in the standby mode, the second amplifier operating such that substantially no current is generated thereby at the second amplifier output when the second amplifier is in the standby mode.

29. A driver amplifier operable to enter a standby mode, the driver amplifier comprising:

a first amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the first amplifier operable to generate a first differential signal at the first amplifier output, the first differential signal being a function of signals applied at the first amplifier input and the first amplifier bias control input, the first amplifier being a first transistor having a first transistor base, a first transistor collector, and a first transistor emitter;

a second amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the second amplifier operable to generate a second differential signal at the second amplifier output, the second differential signal being a function of signals applied at the second amplifier input and the second amplifier bias control input, the second amplifier being a second transistor having a second transistor base, a second transistor collector, and a second transistor emitter;

a bias generator circuit coupled to the first amplifier bias control input and the second amplifier bias control input, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into a standby mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned off, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into an active mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned on,

wherein the bias generator circuit, the first amplifier, and the second amplifier operate together such that when the bias generator transitions the first and second amplifiers between standby and transmit modes the first and second amplifiers transition simultaneously such that a magnitude of transient noise generated by the first amplifier is substantially similar to a magnitude of transient noise generated by the second amplifier.

30. A driver amplifier operable to enter a standby mode, the driver amplifier comprising:

a first amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the first amplifier operable to generate a first differential signal at the first amplifier output, the first differential signal being a function of signals applied at the first amplifier input and the first amplifier bias control input;

a second amplifier having an input, an output, and a bias control input, the second amplifier operable to generate a second differential signal at the second amplifier output, the second differential signal being a function of signals applied at the second amplifier input and the second amplifier bias control input;

a bias generator circuit coupled to the first amplifier bias control input and the second amplifier bias control input, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into a standby mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned off, the bias generator operable to place the first and second amplifiers into an active mode wherein the first and second amplifiers are turned on; and

a combining network coupled to the first and second amplifier outputs, the combining network operable to respond to differential signals generated at the first and second amplifier outputs and produce therefrom an output signal, the combining network having common-mode rejection characteristics such that transient noise generated by the first and second amplifiers during transition between standby and transmit modes does not leak into the combining network output signal,

wherein the bias generator circuit, the first amplifier, and the second amplifier operate together such that when the bias generator transitions the first and second amplifiers between standby and transmit modes the first and second amplifiers transition simultaneously such that a magnitude of transient noise generated by the first amplifier is substantially similar to a magnitude of transient noise generated by the second amplifier, the driver amplifier further operable such that the first and second amplifiers produce substantially no current at the first and second amplifier outputs when the first and second amplifiers are in the standby mode.