Oxygen-fuel boost reformer process and apparatus

• US 5,997,596 A
• Filed: 09/05/1997
• Issued: 12/07/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/05/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Midrex Technologies, Inc. (Kobe Steel Limited)
• Original Assignee: Spectrum Design & Consulting International, Inc.
• Inventors: Joshi, Mahendra L., Tester, Marvin E., Fournier, Donald J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Hien
• Assistant Examiner(s): KENNEDY, JAMES C
• Application Number:
  US08/924,686
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 431/9, 431/10, 75/497, 75/496, 48/198.1, 48/127.9, 422/188, 239/132.3, 60/39.06, 266/197
• US Class Current: 48/198.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/26 Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00058 Temperature measurement
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00119 Heat exchange inside a feeding nozzle or nozzle reactor
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00123 adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00157 by means of a burner
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00159 controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00164 controlling the flow
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0233 the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0255 containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0816 Heating by flames
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/141 At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/142 At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/363 characterised by the burner used
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/384 the catalyst being continuously externally heated
• CPC Class Codes: C21B 13/0073 Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
• CPC Class Codes: C21B 13/02 in shaft furnaces
• CPC Class Codes: C21B 2100/22 by reforming
• CPC Class Codes: C21B 2100/64 Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
• CPC Class Codes: C21B 5/001 : Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
• CPC Class Codes: C21C 5/5217 : equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
• CPC Class Codes: C21C 5/56 : Manufacture of steel by other methods making liquid steel by direct processes C21B13/00 ; C21C5/005 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 5/12 : by gases
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 6/047 : with fuel supply in stages
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/134 : by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/143 : of methane [CH4]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 : Recycling

Abstract

A process and apparatus for the production of reformed gases. Natural gas and oxygen are combusted in a first stage to produce carbon dioxide and water. The products of combustion are conveyed to a second stage. Reforming gas and oxygen are injected into the second stage and mixed with the products of combustion to react with the carbon dioxide and water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The process and apparatus are particularly adapted for use in supplementing the reform gases produced in a Direct Reduced Iron plant wherein iron ore is reduced to iron inside a shaft furnace. The process and apparatus may also be used to provide heated enrichment natural gas for use as a source of carbon in the shaft furnace to provide for carburization of the iron. Additionally, the process and apparatus may be used as a process control device for controlling the temperature of the reformed gases flowing to the shaft furnace.

Claims

1. A method of generating reformed gases, said method comprising:

a. combusting a mixture of a first supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in a first stage to provide flame gases;

b. passing said flame gases into a second stage in an axial direction;

c. injecting a second supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said second stage in a direction coaxial with said flame gases; and

d. causing said flame gases to react with said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon in second stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said gaseous hydrocarbon is natural gas, methane, or propane, and said oxygen is commercial grade oxygen, air, or mixtures thereof.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said combustion in said first stage produces carbon dioxide and water which are passed into said second stage.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said second stage is in a mixing tube.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising injecting said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and said oxygen into said mixing tube in a swirling configuration.

8. The method of claim 2 further comprising cooling said first stage in which said combustion occurs.

9. The method of claim 2 further comprising preheating the said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen before it enters said second stage.

10. The method of claim 2 further comprising preheating the said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen before they enter said second stage, and using said preheated gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen prior to its passage into said second stage to cool said first stage.

6. A method of generating reformed gases to provide additional reformed gas capacity for existing reform gases, said method comprising:

a. mounting a mixing tube in a location so that it is surrounded by existing reformed gases,

b. combusting a mixture of a first supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in a first stage to provide flame gases;

c. passing said flame gases into a second stage;

d. injecting a second supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said second stage;

e. causing said flame gases to react with said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon in second stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and

f. causing said produced reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide to pass from said mixing tube into said existing gases.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising using the heat from said existing reform gases to cause ignition of said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in said first stage.

11. A gas reformer for generating reformed gases comprising:

a. a burner for combusting a mixture of a first supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in a first stage to produce combustion products;

b. an elongated mixing tube providing a second stage into which said combustion products are conveyed in an axial direction; and

c. an injector for injecting a mixture of a second supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said second stage in a direction co-axial with said combustion products for reaction with the combustion products of said first stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

12. The gas reformer of claim 11 wherein said gaseous hydrocarbon is natural gas, methane, or propane, and said oxygen is commercial grade oxygen, air, or mixtures thereof.

13. The gas reformer of claim 11 wherein said burner includes a venturi mixer including a venturi having a divergent section opening into said mixing tube, a chamber about said venturi for receiving said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen, said chamber opening into said mixing tube downstream of the divergent section of said venturi.

14. The gas reformer of claim 13 further including a swirler at the opening of said chamber into said mixing tube to impart a swirling motion to said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen as it enters said mixing tube.

15. The gas reformer of claim 13 wherein said mixing tube has a refractory lining.

16. The gas reformer of claim 11 wherein said burner includes a tube having a nozzle at the forward end thereof for receiving said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon, a first chamber surrounding said tube for receiving said first supply of oxygen, and a combustion chamber forward of said nozzle opening into said mixing tube, a tubular cooling jacket surrounding said combustion chamber, said cooling jacket having inlet and outlet ports for the passage of cooling fluid into and out of said cooling jacket, said nozzle of said burner tube and said chamber opening into said combustion chamber for passage of said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said combustion chamber for combustion therein, a second chamber for receiving said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen and having an opening into said mixing tube downstream of said combustion chamber for passage of said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said mixing tube to mix with the products of combustion from said combustion chamber.

17. The gas reformer of claim 16 further including a swirler at the opening of said second chamber into said mixing tube to provide a swirling motion to said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen as it enters said mixing tube.

18. The gas reformer of claim 17 further including a swirler at the opening of said first chamber into said combustion chamber to impart a swirling motion to said first supply of oxygen as it enters said combustion chamber.

19. The gas reformer of claim 11 wherein said burner includes a burner tube for attachment to a source of said first supply of gaseous and having a nozzle at its downstream end, a chamber surrounding said burner tube for connection to a source of said first supply of oxygen and having a nozzle at its downstream end, said nozzles opening into a combustion chamber, said mixing tube having a plurality of longitudinal extending annular passageways extending axially in said mixing tube, said passageways including a first outer passageway extending forwardly in said mixing tube, a return passageway connected to said outer passageway and extending rearward in said mixing tube, and a inner passageway connected to said return passageway at its rearward end and opening into said mixing tube at its forward end at a point space axially rearward of the forward end of said mixing tube, said inner passageway surrounding said combustion chamber, said outer passageway having entrance means for said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said passageway adjacent its rearward end, said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen passing through said passageways and entering said mixing tube at the forward end of said inner passageway downstream of said combustion chamber.

20. The gas reformer of claim 19 wherein said chamber has a swirler at its opening upstream of said nozzle to impart a swirling motion to said first supply of oxygen passing through said nozzle into said combustion chamber.

31. The gas reformer of claim 11 wherein said burner includes a tube having a nozzle at the forward end thereof for receiving said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon, a first chamber surrounding said tube for receiving said first supply of oxygen, and a combustion chamber forward of said nozzle and opening into said mixing tube, said nozzle and said first chamber opening into said combustion chamber for passage of said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and said first supply of said oxygen into said combustion chamber for combustion therein.

21. A method for supplementing the amount of reform gas used in direct reduced iron plants wherein primary reformed gas is supplied to a furnace from a primary reformer and passed through the iron ore to produce iron;

said method comprising,

a. combusting a mixture of a first supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water;

b. passing said carbon dioxide and water into a second stage;

c. injecting a second supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into a second stage;

d. causing said carbon dioxide and water to react with said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon in said second stage to produce secondary reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and

e. injecting said secondary reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide into the path of the primary reformed gas to the furnace.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said gaseous hydrocarbon is natural gas, methane, or propane, and said oxygen is commercial grade oxygen, air, or mixtures thereof.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein said second stage is in a mixing tube extending into the path of the primary reformed gas being supplied to said furnace.

24. The method of claim 22 further comprising injecting said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said mixing tube in a swirling configuration.

25. The method of claim 22 wherein said mixing tube is mounted in an existing header containing reformed gases from said primary reformer, and further comprising using the heat from the existing reformed gases to initiate the initial combustion of said first supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in said first stage.

26. The method of claim 22 further comprising injecting excess gaseous hydrocarbon into said stage II to provide enrichment natural gas for use in the direct reduced iron process.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising controlling the amount of enrichment natural gas in the reformed gas passing to said furnace by selectively varying the flow rate of said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon to said second stage.

28. The method of claim 22 further comprising controlling the temperature and/or amount of the reformed gas passing to said furnace by selectively varying the flow rates of said first supply of gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen to said first stage and/or the flow rate of said second supply of said gaseous hydrocarbon to said second stage.

29. A gas reformer for generating supplemental reformed gases in a direct reduced iron plant wherein primary reformed gas is supplied through a path from a primary reformer to a furnace and passed through the iron ore to produce iron;

said reformer comprising;

a. a burner for combusting a mixture of a first supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen in a first stage to produce combustion products;

b. an elongated mixing tube providing a second stage into which said combustion products are conveyed, said mixing tube opening into the path of the reformed gases to said furnace; and

c. an injector for injecting a mixture of a second supply of a gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen into said second stage for reaction with the combustion products from said first stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide which exit said mixing tube and enter said path of said reformed gases.

30. The gas reformer of claim 29 wherein said gaseous hydrocarbon is natural gas, methane, or propane, and said oxygen is commercial grade oxygen, air, or mixtures thereof.