Regulator

• US 5,998,979 A
• Filed: 10/27/1998
• Issued: 12/07/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
• Original Assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
• Inventors: Nilsson, Valter
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US09/179,660
• Time in Patent Office: 406 Days
• Field of Search: 323/267, 323/273, 323/275, 323/280, 323/282, 323/285, 363/123, 363/125, 363/126, 363/127, 363/128, 363/81, 363/84
• US Class Current: 323/273
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/56 using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices G05F1/461 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/565 sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor G05F1/563 takes precedence

Abstract

A voltage regulator with a very low drop-out voltage. The regulator utilizes an inversely biased metal-oxid semiconductor field effect transistor as a regulating element. The field effect transistor is linearly controlled by an error amplifier which compares the regulated output with a reference voltage. The field effect transistor creates a voltage drop between the input and the regulated output by a diode function within the field effect transistor. The field effect transistor bypasses this diode function with a linearly controlled resistance function to thereby create a regulated output.

Claims

1. A voltage regulator comprising a reference terminal, an input terminal for connection of a voltage source between the input terminal and the reference terminal, an output terminal for connection of a load between the output terminal and the reference terminal, a regulating unit comprising an input node, an output node, and a regulator node, the regulating unit is coupled in series between the input terminal and the output terminal in such a way that the input node is coupled to the input terminal and the output node is coupled to the output terminal, and the voltage regulator also comprises a control unit comprising a reference node coupled to a predetermined reference voltage, a measuring node coupled to the output terminal, and a control node that is coupled to the regulator node of the regulating unit, which control unit creates an analog signal on the control node in dependence on the voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node for control of the regulating unit to attain a predetermined voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node, wherein the regulating unit comprises a voltage drop unit coupled between the input node and the output node of the regulating unit which voltage drop unit creates a voltage drop being smaller than the intended voltage of the voltage source, and being substantially independent of the current through the voltage drop unit, and the regulating unit also comprises a substantially linearly controllable shunt unit having the function of a substantially linearly variable resistance and being coupled between the input node and the output node of the regulating unit and having a control input coupled to the regulator node, which variable resistance varies its resistance in accordance with an analog signal applied to the control input to thereby bypass the voltage drop unit in such a way that the output terminal becomes voltage regulated.

2. The voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the voltage drop unit comprises one or more diodes coupled in series to thereby attain the desired voltage drop.

3. The voltage regulator according to claim 2, wherein the substantially linearly controllable shunt unit comprises a field effect transistor.

4. The voltage regulator according to claim 3, wherein the field effect transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor which is inversely biased which thereby also creates a diode function within the field effect transistor to act as the voltage drop unit.

5. The voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the substantially linearly controllable shunt unit comprises a field effect transistor.

6. The voltage regulator according to claim 5, wherein the field effect transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor which is inversely biased which thereby also creates a diode function within the field effect transistor to act as the voltage drop unit.

7. A power supply comprising at least two outputs of which at least one output is regulated and at least one output is preregulated, where at least one of the at least one preregulated outputs is further regulated by means of a voltage regulator comprising an input terminal for connection of the preregulated output, an output terminal for connection of a load, a regulating unit comprising an input node, an output node, and a regulator node the regulating unit being coupled in series between the input terminal and the output terminal in such a way that the input node is coupled to the input terminal and the output node is coupled to the output terminal, and the voltage regulator also comprising a control unit comprising a reference node coupled to a predetermined reference voltage, a measuring node coupled to the output terminal, and a control node that is coupled to the regulator node of the regulating unit, which control unit creates an analog signal on the control node in dependence on the voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node for control of the regulating unit to attain a predetermined voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node, wherein the regulating unit comprises a voltage drop unit coupled between the input node and the output node of the regulating unit which voltage drop unit creates a voltage drop being smaller than the intended voltage of the preregulated output, and being substantially independent of the current through the voltage drop unit, and the regulating unit also comprises a substantially linearly controllable shunt unit having the function of a substantially linearly variable resistance and being coupled between the input node and the output node of the regulating unit and having a control input coupled to the regulator node, which variable resistance varies its resistance in accordance with an analog signal applied to the control input to thereby bypass the voltage drop unit in such a way that the output terminal becomes voltage regulated.

8. The power supply according to claim 7, wherein the reference node of the control unit is coupled to one of the at least one regulated outputs.

9. The power supply according to claim 8, wherein the voltage drop unit comprises at least one diode coupled in series to thereby attain the desired voltage drop.

10. The power supply according to claim 9, wherein the substantially linearly controllable shunt unit comprises a field effect transistor.

11. The power supply according to claim 10, wherein the field effect transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor which is inversely biased which thereby also creates a diode function within the field effect transistor to act as the voltage drop unit.

12. The power supply according to claim 7, wherein the voltage drop unit comprises at least one diode coupled in series to thereby attain the desired voltage drop.

13. The power supply according to claim 12, wherein the substantially linearly controllable shunt unit comprises a field effect transistor.

14. The power supply according to claim 13, wherein the field effect transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor which is inversely biased which thereby also creates a diode function within the field effect transistor to act as the voltage drop unit.

15. The power supply according to claim 7, wherein the substantially linearly controllable shunt unit comprises a field effect transistor.

16. The power supply according to claim 15, wherein the field effect transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor which is inversely biased which thereby also creates a diode function within the field effect transistor to act as the voltage drop unit.

17. A voltage regulator comprising a reference terminal, an input terminal for connection of a voltage source between the input terminal and the reference terminal, an output terminal for connection of a load between the output terminal and the reference terminal, a regulating unit comprising an input node, an output node, and a regulator node, the regulating unit being coupled in series between the input terminal and the output terminal in such a way that the input node is coupled to the input terminal and the output node is coupled to the output terminal, and the voltage regulator also comprising a control unit comprising a reference node coupled to a predetermined reference voltage, a measuring node coupled to the output terminal, and a control node that is coupled to the regulator node of the regulating unit, which control unit creates an analog signal on the control node in dependence on the voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node for control of the regulating unit to attain a predetermined voltage difference between the reference node and the measuring node, wherein the regulating unit comprises an inversely biased metal-oxid semiconductor field effect transistor substantially functioning as a linearly variable resistance and being coupled between the input node and the output node of the regulating unit and having a control input coupled to the regulator node, which field effect transistor also creates a voltage drop between the input node and the output node, the voltage drop being created by a diode function within the field effect transistor and being smaller than the intended voltage of the voltage source and substantially independent of the current being drawn at the output node, which field effect transistor varies its resistance in accordance with an analog signal applied to the control input to thereby bypass the voltage drop in such a way that the output terminal becomes voltage regulated.