Virtual reality control using image, model and control data to manipulate interactions

• US 5,999,185 A
• Filed: 03/30/1993
• Issued: 12/07/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Mori, Kenichi, Kato, Nobuko, Okazaki, Akio, Fukui, Mika, Doi, Miwako, Murata, Katsuyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Feild, Joseph H.
• Application Number:
  US08/039,830
• Time in Patent Office: 2,443 Days
• Field of Search: 395/120, 395/152, 395/154, 395/2.69, 345/121, 345/122, 345/419, 345/420, 345/302, 345/473-475, 345/156, 345/161, 345/167, 345/184, 364/468.04, 341/20-35, 463/29-33
• US Class Current: 345/420
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/013 Force feedback applied to a game
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/014 Force feedback applied to GUI
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/011 Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality blind teaching G09B21/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/016 Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04815 Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object

Abstract

A virtual reality data presentation system capable of improving naturalness of the system operation and data presentation. In the system, 3D model is presented according to 3D model data; input data for manipulating objects in the presented 3D model is entered; and a presentation of the 3D model is controlled according to the 3D model data, the entered input data, and control data specifying reactions of the objects in the presented 3D model with respect to the entered input data. In addition, in the system, real object data are obtained from actual objects represented by the objects in the 3D model; and a presentation of the presented 3D model is controlled to selectively present selected ones of the objects in the 3D model in terms of the obtained real object data.

Claims

1. A virtual reality data presentation system, comprising:

model data memory means for storing 3D (three dimensional) model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space;

data presentation means for presenting the 3D model according to the 3D model data stored in the data memory means;

input means operated by a user to which the 3D model is presented by the data presentation means, for entering input data Indicating a user'"'"'s physical action in a real space for virtually manipulating physical objects represented by the object models in the 3D model;

control data memory means for storing control data specifying reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space presented by the data presentation means in response to the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered from the input means, the control data specifying the reactions of the object models by applying a non-linear function defining a desired natural relationship between the reactions of the object models and the user'"'"'s physical action onto the input data entered from the input means; and

control means for controlling the data presentation means according to the 3D model data stored in the model data memory means, the input data entered from the input means, and the control data stored in the control data memory means, such that reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action resemble reactions of the physical objects in the real space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control data specify the reactions of the object models in terms of movements of the object models different from movements set by the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered from the input means.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the 3D model data include image data and sound data associated with the 3D model, and the data presentation means presents the image data of the 3D model in correspondence to the sound data of the 3D model.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data presentation means displays the 3D model, and the control data include restriction data specifying restrictions concerning a display position of at least one of the object models in the 3D model, such that the control means controls the display position of said at least one of the object models in the 3D model according to the restriction data.

5. The system of claim 1, further comprising 2D (two dimensional) image memory means for storing 2D image indicative of spatial arrangement of the object models in the 3D virtual space, wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to display the 3D model along the 2D image stored in the 2D image memory means.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to display at least one of a present position of a viewpoint from which the 3D model is displayed and a present view field covered by the display of the 3D model, on the 2D image displayed along the 3D model.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the 3D model data include:

object shape data specifying a shape of each object model in the 3D model;

material property data specifying material properties of a material composing a physical object represented by each object model in the 3D model; and

linkage data specifying a link between the object shape data and the material property data for each object model in the 3D model; and

wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to present the material property data in conjunction with a display of the 3D model according to the object shape data.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the material property data specify the material properties including at least one of a texture, an auditory material property, a tactile material property, an olfactory material property, and a gustatory material property.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising attribution memory means for storing attribution data specifying attribution values of prescribed attributions affecting a manner of presentation of the 3D model by the data presentation means, for each user type representing a type of the user operating the input means, wherein the control means controls the manner of presentation of the 3D model by the data presentation means according to the attribution data for the user type specified from the input means.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the attribution data specify a height of the user represented by each user type, and the data presentation means displays the 3D model with a viewpoint positioned according to the height specified by the attribution data for the user type specified from the input means.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the attribution data specify physical sizes of the user represented by each user type, and the data presentation means presents the 3D model in a form suitable for the physical sizes specified by the attribution data for the user type specified from the input means.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the attribution data specify a force sense of the user represented by each user type, the force sense indicating a manner by which the user senses a force exerted onto the user, and the data presentation means presents the 3D model in accordance with the force sense specified from the input means.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising real data acquisition means for obtaining dynamically changing real object data in real time from physical objects represented by the object models in the 3D model, wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to selectively present selected ones of the object models in the 3D model in terms of the real object data obtained by the real data acquisition means.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the real object data include at least one of real image data indicating physical appearances of the physical objects and real sound data indicating physical sound generated by the physical objects.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to present the object models in terms of the real object data for those object models in the 3D model which are located within a range of attention of the user operating the input means.

16. The system of claim 1, further comprising reflection calculation means for calculating reflections due to lights in the 3D model, wherein the data presentation means displays the 3D model and the control means controls the data presentation means to display the 3D model by superposing the reflections due to lights calculated by the reflection calculation means onto the 3D model.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the reflection calculation means calculates the reflections due to lights according to positions in the 3D virtual space of light source models and reflective surface models in the 3D model, physical attributions of physical light sources and physical reflective surfaces represented by the light source models and the reflective surface models in the 3D model, and presence or absence of louvers attached to the light source models in the 3D model.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the reflection calculation means calculates the reflections due to lights as projection polygons obtained by Projecting light source polygons representing the light source models onto the reflective surface models.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the input means includes:

direct command means for entering direct input data for directly manipulating the object models in the 3D virtual space in which the 3D model is presented by the data presentation means; and

indirect command mans for entering indirect input data for indirectly manipulating the object models in the 2D space indicative of spatial arrangement of the object models in the 3D virtual space.

20. The system of claim 1, further comprising shadow calculation means for calculating shadows due to lights for the object models in the 3D model, and wherein the data presentation means displays the 3D model and the control means controls the data presentation means to display the 3D model by superposing the shadows due to lights calculated by the shadow calculation means onto the 3D model.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the shadow calculation means calculates the shadows due to lights by expanding a direct projection area of each object model into expansion polygons surrounding the direct projection area and providing a concentration gradation for the shadows due to lights within the direct projection area and the expansion polygons.

22. A virtual reality data presentation system, comprising:

model data memory means for storing 3D (three dimensional) model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space;

data presentation means for presenting the 3D model to a user according to the 3D model data stored in the data memory means in a manner allowing a user'"'"'s virtual manipulation of the object models in the 3D model within the 3D virtual space;

real data acquisition means for obtaining dynamically changing real physical object appearance data in real time from physical objects in a real space which are represented by the object models in the 3D model; and

control means for controlling the data presentation means to selectively present selected ones of the object models in the 3D model in terms of the real physical object appearance data obtained by the real data acquisition means such that appearances of the object models in the 3D virtual spaces presented by the data presentation means resemble appearances of the physical object in the real space.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the real object data include at least one of real image data indicating physical appearances of the physical objects and real sound data indicating physical sounds generated by the physical objects.

24. The system of claim 22, wherein the control means controls the data presentation means to present the object models in terms of the real object data for those object models in the 3D model which are located within a range of attention of the user operating the system.

25. A method of virtual reality data presentation, comprising the steps of:

presenting a 3D (three dimensional) model to a user according to 3D model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space;

entering input data indicating a user'"'"'s physical action in a real space for virtually manipulating physical objects represented by the object models in the 3D model; and

controlling the presenting step according to the 3D model data, the input data entered at the entering step, and control data specifying reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space presented at the presenting step in response to the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered at the entering step, the control data specifying the reactions of the object models by applying a non-linear function defining a desired natural relationship between the reactions of the object models and the user'"'"'s physical action onto the input data entered at the entering step, such that reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action resemble reactions of the physical objects in the real space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action.

26. A method of virtual reality data presentation, comprising the steps of:

presenting a 3D (three dimensional) model to a user according to 3D model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space, in a manner allowing a user'"'"'s virtual manipulation of the object models in the 3D model within the 3D virtual space;

obtaining dynamically changing real physical object appearance data in real time from physical objects in a real space which are represented by the object models in the 3D model; and

controlling the presenting step to selectively present selected ones of the object models in the 3D model in terms of the real physical object appearance data obtained at the obtaining step, such that appearances of the object models in the 3D virtual space presented by the presenting step resemble appearance of the physical objects in the real space.

27. A virtual reality data presentation system, comprising:

model data memory means for storing 3D (three dimensional) model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space;

data presentation means for presenting the 3D model according to the 3D model data stored in the data memory means;

input means operated by a user to which the 3D model is presented by the data presentation means, for entering input data indicating a user'"'"'s physical action in a real space for virtually manipulating physical objects represented by the object models in the 3D model;

control data memory means for storing control data specifying reactions of the object model in the 3D virtual space presented by the data presentation means in response to the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered from the input means, the control data specifying the reactions of the object models in terms of natural movements of the object models which are different from manipulating movements set by the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered from the input means; and

control means for controlling the data presentation means according to the 3D model data stored in the model data memory means, the input data entered from the input means, and the control data stored in the control data memory means, such that reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action resemble reactions of the physical objects in the real space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action.

28. A method of virtual reality data presentation, comprising the steps of:

presenting a 3D (three dimensional) model to a user according to 3D model data representing a 3D model with object models in a 3D virtual space;

entering input data indicating a user'"'"'s physical action in a real space for virtually manipulating physical objects represented by the object models in the 3D model; and

controlling the presenting step according to the 3D model data, the input data entered at the entering step, and control data specifying reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space presented at the presenting step in response to the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered at the entering step, the control data specifying the reactions of the object models in terms of natural movements of the object models which are different from manipulating movements set by the user'"'"'s physical action indicated by the input data entered at the entering step, such that reactions of the object models in the 3D virtual space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action resemble reactions of the physical objects in the real space in response to the user'"'"'s physical action.