Motor vehicle transfer case

• US 6,000,488 A
• Filed: 03/10/1997
• Issued: 12/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Borg-Warner Automotive Incorporated (BorgWarner Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Borg-Warner Automotive Incorporated (BorgWarner Incorporated)
• Inventors: Atkinson, Robert W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, J. J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vanaman, Frank
• Application Number:
  US08/814,189
• Time in Patent Office: 1,009 Days
• Field of Search: 180/197, 180/248, 180/249, 192/113.36, 475/210, 475/223
• US Class Current: 180/248
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/342 having a longitudinal, endless element, e.g. belt or chain, for transmitting drive to wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/344 having a transfer gear
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/3467 combined with a change speed gearing, e.g. range gear
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/35 including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches differential gearing with locking devices F16H48/20
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/3505 with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/3515 with a clutch adjacent to traction wheel, e.g. automatic wheel hub
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 23/08 for changing number of driven wheels , for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles B60K17/3515 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 23/0808 for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 28/165 acting on elements of the vehicle drive train other than the propulsion unit and brakes, e.g. transmission, clutch, differential acting on brakes B60T8/17
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0241 Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/28 Wheel speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/18 Steering angle
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 27/004 with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 27/115 with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 63/18 the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 63/304 the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force band brake actuating mechanisms F16H63/3003

Abstract

An on demand vehicle drive system monitors vehicle performance and operating conditions and controls torque delivery to the vehicle wheels. The system includes a plurality of speed and position sensors, a transfer case having primary and secondary output shafts driving primary and secondary axles and a microcontroller. The sensors include a vehicle speed sensor, a pair of primary and secondary drive shaft speed sensors, and brake and driveline status sensors. The transfer case includes a modulating electromagnetic clutch controlled by the microcontroller which is incrementally engaged to transfer torque from the primary output shaft to the secondary output shaft. When the speed of either the front or the rear drive shafts overruns, i.e., exceeds, the speed of the other drive shaft by a predetermined value related to the vehicle speed, indicating that wheel slip is present, clutch current is incrementally increased to increase clutch engagement and torque transfer to the secondary axle. When wheel slip is reduced below the predetermined value the current to the clutch is incrementally reduced. The method of operating such a system is also described.

Claims

1. A transfer case for providing torque to a primary drive line and a secondary drive line of a motor vehicle comprising, in combination,

an input member,

a primary output adapted to drive the primary drive line,

a secondary output adapted to drive the secondary drive line,

a planetary gear assembly having a sun gear driven by said input member, a stationary ring gear, a planet carrier and at least one planet gear rotatably disposed in said planet carrier in engagement with said sun gear and said ring gear,

a dog clutch disposed for rotation with said primary output for engaging said primary output to said planet carrier or said input member,

an operator for translating said dog clutch, and

a single torque transfer device disposed between said primary output and said secondary output having a modulating electromagnetic clutch including a first plurality of clutch plates coupled to said primary output interleaved with a second plurality of clutch plates coupled to said secondary output, whereby said modulating clutch is a sole torque path between said primary and secondary output.

2. The transfer case of claim 1 further including a circular housing driving said secondary output and disposed about and coupled to said second plurality of clutch plates.

3. The transfer case of claim 2 wherein said secondary output includes a chain drive sprocket disposed about said primary output and coupled to said circular housing, a driven chain sprocket, a chain received by said drive sprocket and said driven sprocket and a secondary output member coupled to said driven chain sprocket.

4. The transfer case of claim 3 wherein said secondary output member includes a portion of a universal joint integrally formed therewith.

5. The transfer case of claim 1 wherein said planetary gear assembly provides a second, reduced speed output.

6. The transfer case of claim 1 wherein said input shaft is supported by a dual ball bearing assembly.

7. The transfer case of claim 1 wherein said operator includes a cam driven by a motor, a cam follower operably associated with said dog clutch and an energy storing spring operably disposed between said motor and said cam.

8. The transfer case of claim 1 wherein said primary output includes a shaft defining an axial passageway and further including a gerotor pump disposed on said output shaft in fluid communication with said axial passageway.

9. The transfer case of claim 1 further including a first tone wheel disposed for rotation with said primary output and a first electric sensor in sensing relationship with said first tone wheel and a second tone wheel disposed for rotation with said secondary output and a second electric sensor disposed in sensing relationship with said second tone wheel.

10. A transfer case for providing torque to a primary drive line and a secondary drive line of a motor vehicle comprising, in combination,

a housing,

an input shaft supported for rotation in said housing,

a primary output supported for rotation in said housing and adapted to drive the primary drive line,

a secondary output supported for rotation in said housing and adapted to drive the secondary drive line,

a planetary gear assembly having a sun gear driven by said input shaft, a planet carrier, at least one planet gear disposed in said planet carrier in engagement with said sun gear and a ring gear disposed in said housing,

a dog clutch disposed for rotation with said primary output for selectively coupling said primary output to said planet carrier or said input shaft,

an operator for translating said dog clutch, and

a modulating electromagnetic clutch assembly defining a sole torque transfer path between said primary output and said secondary output, said modulating clutch including a first plurality of clutch plates coupled to said primary output interleaved with a second plurality of clutch plates coupled to said secondary output.

11. The transfer case of claim 10 wherein said secondary output includes a chain drive sprocket disposed about said primary output and coupled to said second plurality of clutch plates, a driven chain sprocket, a chain received by said drive sprocket and said driven sprocket and a secondary output shaft coupled to said driven chain sprocket.

12. The transfer case of claim 10 further including a circular housing driving said secondary output and disposed about and coupled to said second plurality of clutch plates.

13. The transfer case of claim 10 wherein said secondary output shaft includes a portion of a universal joint integrally formed therewith.

14. The transfer case of claim 10 wherein said operator includes a cam driven by an electric motor and a cam follower operably associated with said dog clutch.

15. The transfer case of claim 10 wherein said primary output includes a shaft defining an axial passageway and further including a gerotor pump disposed on said output shaft in fluid communication with said axial passageway.

16. The transfer case of claim 10 further including a first tone wheel disposed for rotation with said primary output and a first electric sensor in sensing relationship with said first tone wheel and a second tone wheel disposed for rotation with said secondary output and a second electric sensor disposed in sensing relationship with said second tone wheel.

17. A transfer case for providing torque to a primary drive line and a secondary drive line of a motor vehicle comprising, in combination,

a housing,

an input shaft supported for rotation in said housing,

a primary output shaft supported for rotation in said housing and adapted to drive the primary drive line,

a secondary output shaft supported for rotation in said housing and adapted to drive the secondary drive line,

a drive sprocket disposed about said primary output shaft, a driven sprocket secured to said secondary output shaft and a flexible coupling transferring torque between said drive sprocket and said driven sprocket,

a modulating electromagnetic clutch assembly defining a sole torque transfer path between said primary output and said secondary output, said clutch assembly having a first member coupled to said primary output shaft and a second member coupled to said drive sprocket, said modulating clutch including a first plurality of clutch plates coupled to said first member interleaved with a second plurality of clutch plates coupled to said second member and

a planetary gear assembly having a sun gear driven by said input shaft, a planet carrier, at least one planet gear disposed in said planet carrier in engagement with said sun gear and a ring gear disposed in said housing, a dog clutch disposed for rotation with said primary output for selectively coupling said primary output to said planet carrier or said input shaft and an operator for translating said dog clutch, said operator including a cam driven by an electric motor and a cam follower operably associated with said dog clutch.

18. The transfer case of claim 17, wherein said primary output includes a shaft defining an axial passageway and further including a gerotor pump disposed on said output shaft in fluid communication with said axial passageway.

19. The transfer case of claim 17 further including a first tone wheel disposed for rotation with said primary output and a first electric sensor in sensing relationship with said first tone wheel and a second tone wheel disposed for rotation with said secondary output and a second electric sensor disposed in sensing relationship with said second tone wheel.