Antenna arrangement

• US 6,002,370 A
• Filed: 08/11/1998
• Issued: 12/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/11/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Northern Telecom Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Clayton, Andrew Barrington, Barrett, John Eric, Mckinnon, John Peter Bruce
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, HOANGANH T
• Application Number:
  US09/131,957
• Time in Patent Office: 490 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700 MS, 343/767, 343/770, 343/810, 343/768, 343/769, 343/814, 343/816, 343/820, 343/850, 343/853, 343/876
• US Class Current: 343/700.0MS
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/245 provided with means for varying the polarisation polarising devices H01Q15/24; tracking by comparing linear polarisation compounds G01S3/146; reducing depolarisation effects H04B7/00; polarisation diversity H04B7/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/0435 using two feed points

Abstract

A radio frequency antenna arrangement for selective operation at orthogonal polarizations of electromagnetic radiation. The antenna arrangement comprises at least one radiating element, such as one or more antenna patches, each having a vertical polarization feed point and a horizontal polarization feed point. The arrangement also includes a vertical feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the vertical polarization feed point of the or each radiating element, a horizontal feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the horizontal polarization feed point of the or each radiating element and a terminating resistive load. A switch mechanism is provided for selectively coupling the electromagnetic signal to one of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit and for selectively coupling the load to the other of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit. In the first position of the switch the electromagnetic signal is coupled to the horizontal feeder circuit and the resistive load is coupled to the vertical feeder circuit and the antenna arrangement operates predominantly in the horizontal polarization. In the second position of the switch the electromagnetic signal is coupled to the vertical feeder circuit and the resistive load is coupled to the horizontal feeder circuit and the antenna arrangement operates predominantly in the vertical polarization. In a first embodiments of the invention the switch mechanism is located at the interface between two antenna housing parts and the required polarization is selected by mechanical alignment of the housing parts relative to each other. In a second embodiment of the invention the switch mechanism is integrated onto the feeder circuits.

Claims

1. A radio frequency antenna arrangement for selective operation at orthogonal polarisations of electromagnetic radiation, comprising;

a first housing for housing;

at least one radiating element each having a vertical polarisation feed point and a horizontal polarisation feed point,

a vertical feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the vertical polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element, and

a horizontal feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the horizontal polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element,

a second housing for housing;

a terminating resistive load, and

a connection to the modulated electromagnetic signal, and

a switch mechanism comprising a mechanically selectable electrical connection between the first housing and the second housing for selectively coupling the electromagnetic signal to one of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit and for selectively coupling the load to the other of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit.

2. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein;

the second housing has a first electrical contact coupled to the modulated electromagnetic signal and a second electrical contact connected to the resistive load, and

the first housing has a third electrical contact connected to the horizontal feeder circuit and a fourth electrical contact connected to the vertical feeder circuit,

such that in a first position of the switch mechanism the first and third contacts and second and fourth contacts are electrically connected and in a second position of the switch mechanism the first and fourth contacts and the second and third contacts are electrically connected.

3. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the mechanically selectable electrical connection is changed by selective alignment of the first and second housings.

4. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the mechanically selectable electrical connection is changed by selective alignment of the first and second housings and the alignment between the first and second housings is changed by a relative rotation of 180°

between the two housings.

5. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the second housing contains a modulation circuit for generating the radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal as an output.

6. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the radiating elements are antenna patches.

7. A radio frequency antenna arrangement for selective operation at orthogonal polarisations of electromagnetic radiation, comprising;

at least one radiating element each having a vertical polarisation feed point and a horizontal polarisation feed point,

a vertical feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the vertical polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element,

a horizontal feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the horizontal polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element,

a terminating resistive load, and

a switch mechanism which is integrated into the feeder circuits for selectively coupling the electromagnetic signal to one of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit and for selectively coupling the load to the other of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit.

8. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the arrangement additionally comprises a modulation circuit for generating the radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal as an output.

9. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the switch mechanism comprises a four terminal electrical switch, including;

a first terminal coupled to the electromagnetic modulated signal,

a second terminal coupled to the resistive load,

a third terminal coupled to the horizontal feeder circuit, and

a fourth terminal coupled to the vertical feeder circuit,

so that in a first switch position the first terminal is connected to the third terminal and the second terminal is connected to the fourth terminal and in a second switch position the first terminal is connected to the fourth terminal and the second terminal is connected to the third terminal.

10. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the switch mechanism comprises;

a first terminal coupled to the electromagnetic modulated signal,

a second terminal coupled to the horizontal feeder circuit,

a third terminal coupled to the vertical feeder circuit, and

a load switch circuit,

so that in a first switch position the first terminal is connected to the second terminal and the third terminal is connected to a terminating resistive load by the load switch circuit and in a second switch position the first terminal is connected to the third terminal and the second terminal is connected to a terminating resistive load by the load switch circuit.

11. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the antenna arrangement is housed in a single antenna housing.

12. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the radiating elements are microstrip antenna patches.

13. An arrangement according to claim 7 wherein the switch mechanism is interfaced with a computing device which operates the switch mechanism.

14. A method for switching the polarisation of an antenna arrangement between two orthogonal polarisations, which antenna arrangement comprises;

a first housing for housing;

at least one radiating element each having a vertical polarisation feed point and a horizontal polarisation feed point,

a vertical feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the vertical polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element, and

a horizontal feeder circuit for coupling a radio frequency modulated electromagnetic signal to the horizontal polarisation feed point of the or each radiating element,

a second housing for housing;

a terminating resistive load, and

a connection to the modulated electromagnetic signal, and

said method comprising the steps of;

mechanically selecting an electrical connection between the first housing and the second housing for selectively coupling the electromagnetic signal to one of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit and for selectively coupling the load to the other of the horizontal feeder circuit or the vertical feeder circuit.

15. A method according to claim 14 wherein mechanically selecting an electrical connection between the first and second housing comprises the step of selectively aligning the first and second housings.

16. A method according to claim 14 wherein mechanically selecting an electrical connection between the first and second housing comprises the step of rotating one of the first or second housings relative to the other by 180°

.