Data hiding and extraction methods

• US 6,005,643 A
• Filed: 09/02/1997
• Issued: 12/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Morimoto, Norishige, Maeda, Junji
• Primary Examiner(s): BRITTON, HOWARD W
• Application Number:
  US08/922,701
• Time in Patent Office: 840 Days
• Field of Search: 348/409, 348/845, 382/100, 382/232, 380/9, 380/10
• US Class Current: 375/240.26
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0085 Time domain based watermarking, e.g. watermarks spread over several images
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/00 Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467

Abstract

A method for embedding additional information into a video movie without substantially having an influence on the compression efficiency of the video movie and also without substantially causing degradation of the picture quality. Particularly, the method of the present invention involves specifying at least one embedding region in the frame of the video movie for embedding information, and determining a type of interframe prediction of the embedding region in correspondence with information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule where a content of data to be embedded is caused to correspond to the type of interframe prediction of the embedding region. It is desirable that the frame in which the embedding region exists is a bidirectionally predictive-coded frame.

Claims

1. A data hiding method for embedding information into a motion image constituted by a plurality of frames, comprising the steps of:

specifying at least one embedding region in the frame for embedding information; and

determining a type of interframe prediction of said embedding region in correspondence with information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule where a content of data to be embedded is caused to correspond to the type of interframe prediction of said embedding region.

2. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said frame in which said embedding region exists is a bidirectionally predictive-coded frame.

3. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 2, wherein said type of interframe prediction is selected from forward prediction, backward prediction, bidirectional prediction, and intraframe coding.

4. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 3, wherein said embedding rule causes one of bit values to correspond to said bidirectional prediction and the other bit value to correspond to said forward prediction or said backward prediction.

5. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 4, wherein said embedding rule further causes data embedding inhibition to correspond to said intraframe coding.

6. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

a step of inhibiting embedding of data to a certain embedding region when a prediction error in the type of interframe prediction of said certain embedding region, determined based on said embedding rule, exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

7. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 6, further comprising:

a step of inhibiting embedding of data to said embedding region of said bidirectionally predictive-coded frame when a number of references of said forward prediction or a number of references of said backward prediction in said bidirectionally predictive-coded frame is less than a predetermined number.

8. A data hiding method for embedding information into a motion image constituted by a plurality of frames, comprising the steps of:

counting a number of references of forward prediction or a number of references of backward prediction in a frame having an embedding region for embedding information;

determining characteristics of said respective embedding regions in correspondence with information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule where a content of data to be embedded is caused to correspond to a characteristic of said embedding region, when said number of references is greater than a predetermined number; and

inhibiting embedding of data to said embedding region of said frame when said number of references is less than said predetermined number.

9. A data hiding method for embedding information into an image, comprising the steps of:

specifying a plurality of embedding regions in said image for embedding the same information; and

determining said respective embedding regions so that they have the same characteristic in correspondence with information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule where a content of data to be embedded is caused to correspond to a characteristic of said embedding region, and embedding the same data into said respective embedding regions.

10. A data extraction method for extracting information embedded into a motion image, comprising the steps of:

specifying at least one embedding region embedded with information; and

extracting the embedded information from a type of said interframe prediction in the embedding region by referring to an extraction rule where the type of said interframe prediction in said embedding region is caused to correspond to a content of data to be extracted.

11. The data extraction method as set forth in claim 10, wherein said frame in which said embedding region exists is a bidirectionally predictive-coded frame.

12. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 11, wherein the type of said interframe prediction is selected from forward prediction, backward prediction, bidirectional prediction, and intraframe coding.

13. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said extraction rule causes one of bit values to correspond to said bidirectional prediction and the other bit value to correspond to said forward prediction or said backward prediction.

14. The data hiding method as set forth in claim 13, wherein said extraction rule further causes said intraframe coding to correspond to data embedding inhibition.

15. A data extraction method for extracting information with redundancy embedded into an image, comprising the steps of:

specifying in said image a plurality of embedding regions embedded with the same data bit;

extracting data bits embedded in said respective embedding regions from characteristics of said respective embedding regions by referring to an extraction rule where a characteristic of said embedding region is caused to correspond to a data bit to be extracted;

when different data bits are extracted from said respective embedding regions, comparing a number of said embedding regions for each of the extracted different data bits, and specifying the data bit with a greater number, as embedded information; and

thereby extracting said information with redundancy embedded into an image.

16. A data extraction method for extracting information embedded into an image, comprising the steps of:

specifying in said image a plurality of embedding regions, embedded with a data bit of 1; and

extracting the embedded data bit of 1, based on characteristics of the specified plurality of embedding regions, by referring to an extraction rule where a characteristic of said embedding region is caused to correspond to a data bit to be extracted.

17. A motion image coding system for embedding information into an image which is constituted by a plurality of frames and which employs interframe prediction, comprising:

an error calculator for calculating a first prediction error, based on both an embedding region specified in a first frame for embedding information and a reference region in a second frame which is referred to by said embedding region, by employing forward prediction, also calculating a second prediction error, based on both said embedding region and a reference region in a third frame which is referred to by the embedding region, by employing backward prediction, and furthermore calculating a third prediction error, based on said embedding region and reference regions in the second and third frames which are referred to by said embedding region, by employing bidirectional prediction; and

a decider for deciding a type of interframe prediction in said embedding region in correspondence with a content of information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule which prescribes that when one data bit is embedded in said embedding region, said type of interframe prediction in said embedding region employs either said forward prediction or said backward prediction and which also prescribes that when another data bit is embedded in said embedding region, the type of said interframe prediction employs said bidirectional prediction, and for specifying any one of the first, the second, or the third prediction error in correspondence with the decided type of interframe prediction.

18. The motion image coding system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said decider includes first inhibition means which inhibits embedding of data to a certain embedding region when a prediction error in the type of interframe prediction of said certain embedding region, determined based on said embedding rule, exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

19. The motion image coding system as set forth in claim 18, wherein said decider includes second inhibition means which inhibits embedding of data to said embedding region of said bidirectionally predictive-coded frame when a number of references of said forward prediction or a number of references of said backward prediction in said bidirectionally predictive-coded frame is less than a predetermined number.

20. A motion image decoding system for extracting information embedded into a coded motion image, comprising:

a specifier for specifying at least one embedding region embedded with information; and

an extractor for extracting said embedded information from a type of said interframe prediction in the embedding region by referring to an extraction rule where the type of said interframe prediction in said embedding region is caused to correspond to a content of data to be embedded.

21. A program storage medium for executing a data hiding process, which embeds information into a motion image constituted by a plurality of frames, by a computer, the program storage medium having the steps of:

specifying in a frame at least one embedding region into which information is embedded; and

deciding a type of interframe prediction in said embedding region in correspondence with information to be embedded by referring to an embedding rule where a content of data to be embedded is caused to correspond to the type of interframe prediction in said embedding region.

22. A program storage medium for executing a data extracting process, which extracts information embedded into a coded motion image, by a computer, the program storage medium having the steps of:

specifying in a frame at least one embedding region embedded with said information; and

extracting the embedded information in correspondence with a type of interframe prediction in said embedding region by referring to an extraction rule where said type of interframe prediction in said embedding region is caused to correspond to a content of data to be extracted.