Method and system for detecting optical faults within the optical domain of a fiber communication network

• US 6,005,694 A
• Filed: 12/28/1995
• Issued: 12/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Verizon Patent and Licensing Incorporated (Verizon Communications Inc.)
• Original Assignee: MCI WorldCom, Inc. (Verizon Communications Inc.)
• Inventors: Liu, Shoa-Kai
• Primary Examiner(s): BACARES, RAFAEL D
• Application Number:
  US08/580,391
• Time in Patent Office: 1,454 Days
• Field of Search: 359/110, 359/117, 359/118, 359/125, 370/223, 370/227, 370/228, 370/243, 370/247, 370/248
• US Class Current: 398/6
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/071 using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/0771 Fault location on the transmission path
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/0773 Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2210/078 using a separate wavelength
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0294 Dedicated protection at the optical channel (1+1)
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0295 Shared protection at the optical channel (1:1, n:m)
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/50 Testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0062 Network aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2011/0081 Fault tolerance; Redundancy; Recovery; Reconfigurability
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2011/0083 Testing; Monitoring

Abstract

A method and system for detecting optical signal degradation or loss within the optical domain of a fiber network. Optical cross-connect switches (OCCS) are provided at network nodes. Optical data traffic is conducted between nodes via a fiber link. The fiber link extends between respective ports of the optical cross-connect switches at each network node. Dedicated signals for detecting faults are introduced and removed within the optical domain of the fiber communication network. In one embodiment, transmitter/receiver units are coupled directly to the fiber link for broadcasting optical signals for fault detection. In another embodiment, transmitter/receiver units are coupled to the fiber link through one or more dedicated ports within optical cross-connect switches (OCCS) at network nodes. Optical signals for fault detection are then broadcast or switched through working and/or spare fibers. Distinctive optical fault detection signals are used when the signals are broadcast or switched over working fibers. Optical signal impairment or loss for a particular link or span is detected simply and quickly in the network optical domain. Rapid, accurate optical fault capability can be added to communication networks without requiring changes to existing light terminal elements and processing circuitry in the electrical domain.

Claims

1. A method for performing testing and fault isolation of a fiber fault within an optical domain of a fiber communications network, wherein the fiber communications network includes a fiber link having at least one optical fiber for carrying optical network communication signals between a first node having a first optical cross connect switch and a second node having a second optical cross connect switch comprising the steps of:

introducing an optical fault detection signal along the same fiber link as the optical network communication signals, said optical fault detection signal having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the optical network communication signals, at a first location between the first optical cross connect switch and the fiber link, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the optical network communication signals, said optical fault detection signal being separate from network communication carried on the fiber link and generated by a transmitter optically coupled to said first location;

removing said optical fault detection signal carried along the fiber link at a second location between the fiber link and the second optical cross-connect switch with a receiver unit optically coupled to said second location, wherein said optical fault detection signal is introduced and removed entirely within the optical domain of the communications network; and

processing said optical fault detection signal to detect and isolate the fiber fault in the fiber link.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber link includes working and spare optical fibers for carrying the network communication, and wherein:

said introducing step further comprises broadcasting said optical fault detection signal from said transmitter across at least one of said working and spare optical fibers, and

said removing step further comprises detecting said optical fault detection signal broadcast across said at least one working and spare optical fibers.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from the optical network communication signals emitted by a light terminal element, and wherein said removing step further comprises:

splitting a portion of said network communication signals and said optical fault detection signal from said at least one optical fiber in the fiber link; and

filtering to transmit only said optical fault detection signal to the receiver.

4. A method for performing testing and fault isolation of a fiber fault within an optical domain of a fiber communications network, wherein the fiber communications network includes a fiber link having at least one optical fiber for carrying optical network communication signals between a first node and a second node, each node having an optical cross connect switch, wherein at each node the optical cross-connect switch has a first and a second set of ports, comprising the steps of:

dedicating at least one port in said first set of ports for fault detection;

introducing an optical fault detection signal separate from network communication, having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the optical network communication signals, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the optical network communication signals and said optical fault detection signal capable of being transmitted along the same fiber link as the optical network communication signals, said optical fault detection signal, said introducing step comprises optically coupling a transmitter to at least one dedicated port in said first set of ports in the optical cross-connect switch at the first node within the optical domain of the network;

removing said optical fault detection signal, said removing step comprises optically coupling a receiver to at least one dedicated port in said first set of ports in the optical cross-connect switch at the first node within the optical domain of the network, wherein said optical fault detection signal is introduced and removed entirely within the optical domain of the communications network; and

processing said optical fault detection signal to detect and isolate the fiber fault in the fiber link.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein:

said introducing step further comprises transmitting an OTDR pulse as the optical fault detection signal from said transmitter; and

said processing step comprises processing an optical fault detection signal representative of a back-reflection of said OTDR pulse traveling through at least one of working and spare optical fibers in said fiber link.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein:

said introducing step comprises optically coupling a transmitter to at least one dedicated port in said first set of ports in the optical cross-connect switch at the first node within the optical domain of the network; and

said removing step comprises optically coupling a receiver to at least one dedicated port in said first set of ports in the optical cross-connect switch at the second node within the optical domain of the network.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of controlling the optical cross-connect switches at the first and second nodes to switch optical fault detection signals so that they pass through said at least one dedicated port in said first set of ports and through said second sets of ports to at least one of working and spare optical fibers in the fiber link.

8. An apparatus for performing testing and fault isolation of a fiber fault within an optical domain of a fiber communications network, wherein the fiber communications network includes a fiber link having at least one optical fiber for carrying optical data communications traffic between first and second nodes, each node having an optical cross-connect switch, comprising:

means for introducing an optical fault detection signal to a first location between a first optical cross connect switch and the fiber link, said introducing means including means for emitting said optical fault detection signal along the same fiber link as the optical data communications traffic, and means for coupling the optical fault detection signal to at least one optical fiber in the fiber link, said optical fault detection signal having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the optical data communications traffic, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the optical data communications traffic;

means for removing said optical fault detection signal at a second location between the fiber link and the second optical cross-connect switch after said optical fault detection signal has traveled in at least one fiber in the fiber link, wherein said optical fault detection signal is introduced and removed entirely within the optical domain of the communications network; and

means for processing said optical fault detection signal to isolate the fiber fault in the fiber link.

9. An apparatus for performing testing and fault isolation of a fiber fault within an optical domain of a fiber communications network, wherein the fiber communications network includes a fiber link for carrying optical network communication signals between first and second nodes, the first node having a first optical cross-connect switch, and the second node a second optical cross-connect switch, comprising:

a transmitter optically coupled to a first location between the first optical cross-connect switch and the fiber link that emits an optical fault detection signal separate from the network communication, and which travels along the same fiber link as the optical network communication signals, said optical fault detection signal having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the optical network communication signals, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the optical network communication signals;

a receiver optically coupled to a second point between the fiber link and the second optical cross-connect switch to detect said emitted optical fault detection signal and to provide an output signal representative thereof, wherein said optical fault detection signal is introduced and removed entirely within the optical domain of the communications network; and

a fault processor connected to said receiver to evaluate said receiver output to isolate the fiber fault.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the fiber link includes at least one of working and spare optical fibers.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said optical fault detection signal emitted by said transmitter has the wavelength as the same optical network communication signals, wherein said optical fault detection signal is modulated at a frequency different from a modulation rate of the optical network communication signals.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said transmitter comprises at least one light emitter and said receiver comprises at least one light detector and a wavelength selective filter.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said transmitter is provided at the first node and said receiver is provided at the second node.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said transmitter is provided at the first node and said receiver is provided at the first node and further comprising an OTDR transceiver optical coupled within the network optical domain to the fiber link.

15. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a first optical link between said transmitter and a first point along the fiber link; and

a second optical link between said receiver and a second point along the fiber link.

16. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a first optical link between said transmitter and at least one dedicated port in the first optical cross-connect switch, whereby said optical fault detection signal emitted by said transmitter enters said at least one dedicated port in the first optical cross-connect switch, travels through the first optical cross-connect switch, and, depending upon the switch state of the first optical cross-connect switch, passes from the first optical cross-connect switch to said at least one optical fiber in the fiber link.

17. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a second optical link between said receiver and at least one dedicated port in the first optical cross-connect switch.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:

a second optical link between said receiver and at least one dedicated port in the second optical cross-connect switch, whereby said optical fault detection signal after traveling along said at least one optical fiber enters the second optical cross-connect switch, and, depending upon the switch state of the second optical cross-connect switch, passes from said at least one dedicated port in the second optical cross-connect switch through said second optical link to said receiver.

19. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first optical cross-connect switch comprises an integrated optical cross-connect switch.

20. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a first substrate having first and second faces, said first substrate including the first optical cross-connect switch integrated on said first substrate for switching light passing between ports provided at said first and second faces of said first substrate, a first set of optical waveguides integrated on said first substrate, and a first set of couplers integrated on said first substrate for coupling light between said first optical cross-connect switch and said first set of optical waveguides; and

a second substrate having third and fourth faces, said second substrate including the second optical cross-connect switch integrated on said second substrate for switching light passing between ports provided at said third and fourth faces, a second set of optical waveguides integrated on said second substrate, and a second set of couplers integrated on said second substrate for coupling light between said second optical cross-connect switch and said second set of optical waveguides;

wherein, said first set of integrated optical waveguides optically couple said transmitter to the fiber link and said second set of integrated optical waveguides optically couple said receiver to the fiber link.

21. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said fault processor comprises:

a comparator for comparing said receiver output to a predetermined threshold to determine the absence of said optical fault detection signal.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said fault processor comprises an OTDR module and a Fiber Connectivity module.

23. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said transmitter transmits an optical fault detection signal having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the network communication.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said at least one characteristic comprises a unique wavelength, and further comprising at least one wavelength filter tuned to said unique wavelength for filtering said optical fault detection signal passed to said receiver.

25. An apparatus for detecting a fiber fault within an optical domain of a fiber communications network, wherein the fiber communications network includes a fiber link for carrying network communication between first and second nodes, the first node having a first light terminal element and a first optical cross-connect switch, and the second node having a second light terminal element and a second optical cross-connect switch, comprising:

a first optical cross-connect switch controller located at the first node, said first optical cross-connect switch controller including a first transmitter/receiver unit and a first fault processor; and

a second optical cross-connect switch controller located at the second node, said second optical cross-connect switch controller including a second transmitter/receiver unit and a second fault processor;

wherein said first optical cross-connect switch controller and said second optical cross-connect switch controller are optically coupled to a line side of the respective optical cross-connect switches within the optical domain of the network to the fiber link to process an optical fault detection signal separate from the network communication traffic, said optical fault detection signal having at least one characteristic distinguishable from the network communications traffic, wherein said optical fault detection signal has a wavelength different from a wavelength of the network communications traffic, and wherein said optical fault detection signal is introduced and removed entirely within the optical domain of the communications network.