Flyback converter with soft switching using auxiliary switch and resonant circuit

• US 6,005,782 A
• Filed: 10/16/1998
• Issued: 12/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Astec International Limited (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Concordia University, Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Xi, Youhao, Jain, Praveen K., Liu, Yan-Fei
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vu, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/173,034
• Time in Patent Office: 431 Days
• Field of Search: 363/20, 363/21, 363/40, 363/41, 363/95, 363/97, 363/131, 323/234, 323/235
• US Class Current: 363/21.12
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/34 Snubber circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/342 Active non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33569 having several active switching elements H02M3/3353 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A flyback converter has a main switch coupling a primary winding of a transformer between supply terminals, a duty cycle of the main switch controlling an output of the converter derived from a secondary winding of the transformer. Soft (zero voltage) switching of the main switch is facilitated by a snubber capacitor in parallel with the main switch. An auxiliary circuit coupled in parallel with the snubber capacitor and main switch includes a series-connected auxiliary switch, capacitor, and inductor coupled via another inductor to a full wave rectifier arrangement for recovering energy from the snubber capacitor. Resonant circuits provided by the auxiliary circuit facilitate soft switching of the auxiliary switch for low power loss and high frequency operation. The switches can be MOSFETs with reverse-poled diodes in parallel with their drain-source paths.

Claims

1. A method of operating a flyback converter comprising a main switch, coupled in series with a primary winding of a transformer to supply voltage terminals, an output circuit coupled to a secondary winding of the transformer for providing an output voltage of the converter controlled by a duty cycle of the main switch, and a snubber capacitor for the main switch, comprising the steps of, in each switching cycle of the flyback converter:

turning on an auxiliary switch when the main switch is off to provide a resonant circuit comprising the snubber capacitor and a capacitance and an inductance coupled in series with the auxiliary switch, thereby to reduce a voltage of the main switch to substantially zero;

turning on the main switch while its voltage is substantially zero;

maintaining a resonant circuit of the capacitance and the inductance via the auxiliary switch and the main switch after the voltage of the main switch is substantially zero, whereby a current of the inductance reverses polarity at a first zero value and reaches a second zero value;

turning off the auxiliary switch at or after the first zero value and before or at the second zero value of the current of the inductance;

turning off the main switch at a time determined by the duty cycle; and

recovering energy from the inductance.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the switches comprises a switching path and an oppositely-poled diode in parallel with the switching path.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the auxiliary switch is turned off under zero voltage conditions between the first and second zero values of the current of the inductance.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the step of recovering energy from the inductance comprises full wave rectifying a current derived from an inductor coupled to said inductance.

5. A flyback converter comprising:

a transformer having primary and secondary windings;

a main switch coupled in series with the primary winding between supply voltage terminals;

an output circuit coupled to the secondary winding for providing an output voltage of the converter controlled by a duty cycle of the main switch;

a snubber capacitor coupled to the main switch for reducing a rate of change of voltage of the main switch; and

an auxiliary circuit for recovering energy from the snubber capacitor, the auxiliary circuit comprising;

an auxiliary switch, an auxiliary capacitor, and a first inductor coupled in series to provide a resonant circuit with the snubber capacitor when the auxiliary switch is on and to maintain a resonant circuit of the auxiliary capacitor and the inductor after the main switch is turned on;

a second inductor coupled to the first inductor; and

a full wave rectifier arrangement coupled to the second inductor.

6. A converter as claimed in claim 5 wherein each of the main and auxiliary switches comprises a MOSFET having a reverse-poled diode in parallel with its drain-source path.

7. A converter as claimed in claim 5 wherein each of the main and auxiliary switches comprises a switching path and an oppositely-poled diode in parallel with the switching path.

8. A converter as claimed in claim 7 wherein each of the snubber capacitor and the auxiliary circuit is coupled in parallel with the main switch.

9. A converter as claimed in claim 8 wherein the first inductor comprises two inductors coupled in series, one of said two inductors being inductively coupled to the second inductor.

10. A converter as claimed in claim 5 and including a capacitor connected between the supply voltage terminals, wherein the full wave rectifier arrangement is coupled to the supply voltage terminals for recovering energy from the snubber capacitor to the capacitor connected between the supply voltage terminals.

11. A converter as claimed in claim 5 and including auxiliary output terminals and a capacitor connected between the auxiliary output terminals, wherein the full wave rectifier arrangement is coupled to the auxiliary output terminals for recovering energy from the snubber capacitor to the capacitor connected between the auxiliary output terminals.

12. A converter as claimed in claim 5 wherein the second inductor comprises a tapped inductor and the full wave rectifier arrangement comprises two diodes each connected to one end of the second inductor.

13. A converter as claimed in claim 5 wherein the full wave rectifier arrangement comprises a diode bridge connected to the second inductor.

14. A flyback converter comprising:

a first capacitor connected between supply voltage terminals;

a transformer having primary and secondary windings;

a main switch comprising a MOSFET having a drain-source path coupled in series with the primary winding between the supply voltage terminals, a reverse-poled diode in parallel with the drain-source path, and a gate for receiving a first control signal;

an output circuit coupled to the secondary winding for providing an output voltage of the converter controlled by a duty cycle of the first control signal;

a snubber capacitor coupled in parallel with the main switch; and

an auxiliary switch, a second capacitor, and a first inductor, coupled in series with one another in parallel with the main switch and the snubber capacitor, the auxiliary switch comprising a MOSFET having a drain-source path, a reverse-poled diode in parallel with the drain-source path, and a gate for receiving a second control signal.

15. A converter as claimed in claim 14 and including a second inductor coupled to the first inductor, and a full wave rectifier arrangement coupling the second inductor to the first capacitor.

16. A converter as claimed in claim 15 wherein the first inductor comprises two inductors coupled in series, one of said two inductors being inductively coupled to the second inductor.

17. A converter as claimed in claim 15 wherein the second inductor comprises a tapped inductor and the full wave rectifier arrangement comprises two diodes each connected between one end of the second inductor and one of the supply voltage terminals.

18. A converter as claimed in claim 15 wherein the full wave rectifier arrangement comprises a diode bridge connected between the second inductor and the first capacitor.

19. A converter as claimed in claim 14 and including auxiliary output terminals, a third capacitor connected between the auxiliary output terminals, a second inductor coupled to the first inductor, and a full wave rectifier arrangement coupling the second inductor to the third capacitor.

20. A converter as claimed in claim 19 wherein the first inductor comprises two inductors coupled in series, one of said two inductors being inductively coupled to the second inductor.