Method and apparatus to protect data within a disk drive buffer

• US 6,012,839 A
• Filed: 06/30/1995
• Issued: 01/11/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maxtor Corporation (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Original Assignee: Quantum Corporation (Chi Ko Investment Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Nguyen, Hung C., Hospodor, Andrew D.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARC, MCDIEUNEL
• Assistant Examiner(s): MARC, MCDIEUNEL
• Application Number:
  US08/497,488
• Time in Patent Office: 1,656 Days
• Field of Search: 371/37.1, 371/37.4, 371/37.5, 371/40.1, 371/40.2, 371/40.3, 371/40.4, 371/38.1, 371/39.1, 371/22.1, 371/22.6, 371/22.3, 371/22.4, 371/22.5
• US Class Current: 714/755
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1004 to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum G06F11/1076 takes precedence; security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorized activity G06F21/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1616 where the redundant component is an I/O device or an adapter therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/15 Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes H03M13/17 takes precedence

Abstract

An architecture that utilizes the cross-check code associated with the error correction code in a data communications system as a data integrity code to protect data stored in a temporary storage buffer within a data channel. In a preferred embodiment, a cross-check encoder and comparison circuit is added to an interface circuit which receives data from a host processing system. Incoming host data is encoded to produce redundant information according to the same Reed-Solomon code implemented in the cross-check circuitry already provided in the data path to detect miscorrections by the error correction code. Cross-check redundancy generated by the interface cross-check encoder is appended to its associated data block in the block memory buffer. The integrity of the data blocks passing through the buffer is checked by utilizing the cross-check circuitry to regenerate the redundant cross-check bytes and then performing a comparison of the regenerated cross-check bytes with the cross-check bytes from the buffer. A similar process is repeated in the reverse path when the data blocks are recovered from a storage medium and delivered to the host through a path that includes the buffer.

Claims

1. A method of protecting a data block temporarily stored in a buffer memory within a data path between a host and a storage medium comprising the steps of:

(a) communicating the data block to a first cross-check encoder and to the buffer memory;

(b) encoding the data block in said first cross-check encoder according to a cross-check code to generate a first cross-check redundancy for the data block;

(c) appending said first cross-check redundancy to the data block in the buffer memory;

(d) communicating the data block from the buffer to a second cross-check encoder;

(e) re-encoding the data block in said second cross-check encoder according to said cross-check code, said second cross-check encoder generating a second cross-check redundancy for the data block; and

(f) comparing said appended first cross-check redundancy to said second cross-check redundancy to determine whether the data block contains one or more errors,

wherein the steps of encoding in said first cross-check encoder and re-encoding in said second cross-check encoder provide data integrity on both sides of the buffer memory within the data path.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of utilizing said second cross-check encoder and said cross-check code to detect miscorrections of the data block after an error correction process has been performed in accordance with an error detection code on an erroneous block of data recovered from a magnetic recording medium.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said cross-check code is a Reed-Solomon code characterized by a generator polynomial, g(x), of the form:

x² +alpha¹³⁴ x+alpha¹, and wherein said code operates over a Galois field having 256 elements, said Galois field defined by an irreducible polynomial p(x)=x⁸ +x⁴ +x³ +x² +1 and a primitive alpha¹ element equal to 2B in hexadecimal.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the data block comprises 512 bytes of data and said first and said second cross-check encoders generate two bytes of cross-check redundancy.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said first cross-check encoder is implemented in an interface circuit in a disk drive storage system, and said second cross-check encoder is implemented in a data sequencer of said storage system.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said comparing step is performed by a bitwise logical exclusive or operation on corresponding bits of said first cross-check redundancy and said second cross-check redundancy.

7. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of transmitting the data block to a first-in-first-out shift register prior to communicating the data block to the buffer memory.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

writing the data block with said cross-check redundancy appended thereto to a surface of a magnetic storage medium to form a code word on said storage medium;

reading said code word from said surface of said medium and communicating said code word to the buffer memory;

communicating a data block portion of said code word from the buffer to a host and to said second cross-check encoder;

generating a new cross-check redundancy from said data block portion in said second cross-check encoder; and

, comparing said new cross-check redundancy to said cross-check redundancy written to the buffer to determine whether an error has occurred.

9. A method of utilizing a cross-check code to protect a data block temporarily stored in a block buffer memory within a data channel between a host system and a storage medium comprising the steps of:

(a) transmitting the data block to the buffer;

(b) encoding the data block in a first cross-check encoder located in the data channel before the buffer in accordance with the cross-check code to generate a first cross-check redundancy for the data block;

(c) appending said first cross-check redundancy to the data block in the buffer;

(d) transmitting the data block together with appended first cross-check redundancy to a second cross-check encoder in the data channel;

(e) encoding the data block in said second cross-check encoder in accordance with the cross-check code to generate a second cross-check redundancy for the data block; and

(f) comparing said first cross-check redundancy with said second cross-check redundancy to determine whether the data block contains an errors,

wherein the steps of encoding in said first cross-check encoder and encoding in said second cross-check encoder provide data integrity on both sides of the buffer memory within the data channel.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said cross-check code is a Reed-Solomon code characterized by a generator polynomial, g(x), of the form:

x² +alpha¹³⁴ x+alpha¹, and wherein said cross-check code operates over a Galois field having 256 elements, said Galois field defined by an irreducible polynomial p(x)=x⁸ +x⁴ +x³ +x² +1 and a primitive alpha¹ element equal to 2B in hexadecimal.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the data block comprises 512 bytes of data and said first and said second cross-check encoders each generate two bytes of cross-check redundancy.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein said first cross-check encoder is implemented in an interface circuit in a disk storage drive, and said second cross-check encoder is implemented as part of a data sequencer circuit in said storage system.

13. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

writing the data block with said appended cross-check redundancy to a surface of a magnetic storage disk to form a code word on said storage medium surface;

reading said code word from said surface of said medium and transmitting said code word to the buffer;

transmitting a data block portion of said code word from the buffer to said second cross-check encoder and to a host through a first-in-first-out shift register;

generating a new cross-check redundancy from said data block portion in said second cross-check encoder; and

comparing said new cross-check redundancy to said cross-check redundancy written to the buffer from said medium to determine whether an error has occurred.

14. Apparatus for protecting data blocks temporarily stored in a block buffer memory between a host system and a storage medium comprising:

a first cross-check encoder implementing a cross-check code, said first encoder receiving the data blocks to be protected from a host on a first data path and from the buffer on a second data path;

a second cross-check encoder implementing said cross-check code, said second encoder receiving data blocks from the buffer on said first data path and from a communication channel on said second data path;

a first comparison circuit connected to said first cross-check encoder and to the buffer; and

a second comparison circuit connected to said second cross-check encoder and to the buffer,

wherein the first cross-check encoder and the second cross-check encoder provide data integrity on both sides of the buffer memory.

15. Apparatus as in claim 14 wherein said first and said second data paths are the write and read paths, respectively, in a disk storage drive.

16. Apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising a buffer controller electrically connected to said buffer, said buffer controller sending signals to said buffer to control data block flow through said buffer.

17. Apparatus as in claim 15 wherein said communication channel receives data blocks recovered from a surface of a magnetic recording disk and transmits the blocks to a data sequencer circuit having contained therein said second cross-check encoder.

18. Apparatus as in claim 15 further comprising a first-in-first out ("FIFO") shift register electrically connected to said buffer and to said host, said FIFO receiving data blocks from said host and transmitting the data blocks to the buffer on said first data path and receiving data blocks from the buffer and transmitting the data blocks to said host on said second data path.

19. Apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising an error correction coding ("ECC") circuit and an ECC cross-check circuit associated with said ECC circuit, and wherein said second cross-check encoder shares encoder circuitry with said ECC cross-check circuit.

20. Apparatus as in claim 19 wherein said cross-check code is a Reed-Solomon code characterized by a generator polynomial g(x)=x² +alpha¹³⁴ x+alpha¹, and wherein said cross-check code operates over a 256 element Galois field, said Galois field defined by an irreducible polynomial p(x)=x⁸ +x⁴ +x³ +x² +1 and a primitive alpha¹ element equal to 2B in hexadecimal.

21. Apparatus as in claim 14 wherein said first comparison circuit comprises an array of exclusive or ("XOR") gates that performs a bitwise logical XOR operation on cross-check redundancy symbols received from said first cross-check encoder and corresponding cross-check redundancy symbols received from the buffer on said second data path.

22. Apparatus as in claim 21 wherein said second comparison circuit comprises an array of XOR gates that performs a bitwise logical XOR operation on cross-check redundancy symbols received from said second cross-check encoder and corresponding cross-check redundancy symbols received from the buffer on said first data path.

23. Apparatus as in claim 22 wherein said buffer is a dynamic random access memory.

24. Apparatus for protecting data blocks in a block buffer memory in a bi-directional data path between a host system and a storage medium utilizing a cross-check code, the apparatus comprising:

a first cross-check encoder receiving data blocks from a host in a first data path direction and from the buffer in a second data path direction, said first cross-check encoder producing cross-check redundancy for each data block in accordance with the cross-check code;

a second cross-check encoder receiving data blocks from the buffer in said first data path direction and from a data storage medium in said second direction, said second cross-check encoder generating cross-check redundancy for each data block in accordance with the same cross-check code;

a first comparison circuit connected to said first cross-check encoder and to the buffer, said first comparison circuit comparing redundancy generated by said first and said second cross-check encoders in said second data path direction to detect errors in the data block in said second data path direction; and

a second comparison circuit connected to said second cross-check encoder and to the buffer, said second comparison circuit comparing redundancy generated by said first and said second cross-check encoders to detect errors in the data block in said first data path direction,

wherein the first cross-check encoder and the second cross-check encoder provide data integrity on both sides of the buffer memory within the bi-directional data path.

25. Apparatus as in claim 24 further comprising an ECC cross-check circuit and wherein said second cross-check encoder shares encoder circuitry with said ECC cross-check circuit.

26. Apparatus as in claim 24 wherein said cross-check code is a Reed-Solomon code characterized by a generator polynomial g(x)=x² +alpha¹³⁴ x+alpha¹, and wherein said cross-check code operates over a 256 element Galois field, said Galois field defined by an irreducible polynomial p(x)=x⁸ +x⁴ +x³ +x² +1 and a primitive alpha¹ element equal to 2B in hexadecimal.

27. Apparatus as in claim 24 wherein said first and said second data path directions correspond to the write and read paths, respectively, in a disk storage drive.

28. Apparatus as in claim 24 wherein said buffer is a dynamic random access memory.