Illumination and shadow simulation in a computer graphics/imaging system

• US 6,018,350 A
• Filed: 10/29/1996
• Issued: 01/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: RealD Incorporated
• Inventors: Steiner, Walter Robert, Lee, Harry Charles
• Primary Examiner(s): Powell, Mark R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Kimbinh T.
• Application Number:
  US08/741,421
• Time in Patent Office: 1,183 Days
• Field of Search: 345/422, 345/426, 345/431, 345/432, 345/136, 345/137, 345/138
• US Class Current: 345/426
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/506 Illumination models

Abstract

The total illumination of each pixel to be displayed by a real-time computer image generator, is determined for at least one source illuminating a scene to be displayed, by storing in an observer depth buffer data signals representing those portions of object polygons visible to the observer in each pixel of the display, and storing in a source depth buffer, associated with each of the at least one scene-illuminating light sources, data signals representing illumination intensity received by each polygon pixel viewable from that associated source. A data signal, for each displayable pixel in the observer depth buffer, is generated by combining in non-saturating manner the illumination intensity of each light source impingent upon the equivalent pixel in all of the associated source depth buffers.

Claims

1. A light source subassembly for use in a real-time computer image generator having depth buffer means associated with an observer'"'"'s position for storing data signals representative of observer-visible polygon pixels, the subassembly comprising:

at least one additional depth buffer means associated with a different light source illuminating a scene to be displayed, for temporarily storing data signals representative of portions of the scene which are illuminated by the light source; and

light processor means receiving the data signals from said at least one additional depth buffer means for adjusting proportionally an intensity of illumination on each pixel displayed to an observer of the scene responsive to each different light source forming the totality of light sources illuminating each pixel rendered by the observer depth buffer.

2. The light source subassembly of claim 1, wherein a plurality of separate light sources illuminate said scene, and further comprising depth buffer means associated with each different one of said plurality of light sources, for temporarily storing data signals representative of those portions of the displayable scene polygons illuminated by the associated light source.

3. The light source subassembly of claim 2, wherein said light source processor means utilizes data signals from all of said source depth buffer means to determine the total light intensity at each observer-visible pixel.

4. The light source subassembly of claim 2, wherein the light source processor means generates a non-saturating resultant illumination intensity data signal Lr from the totality of light sources illuminating each observer-visible display pixel.

5. The light source subassembly of claim 4, wherein N different light sources illuminate the display scene, and the data signal Lr is generated as substantially equal to the ones-complement of the product of ones-complement individual source intensity Li, for 1≦

i≦

N.

6. The light source subassembly of claim 5, wherein the processor means generates Lr={1-(1-L1)*(1-L2)* . . . *(1-Li)* . . . }.

7. The light source subassembly of claim 2, wherein said light source processor means also generates a continuously-moving pxq pixel array, where p and q are both positive numbers, for sequentially anti-aliasing each display pixel illumination.

8. A method for determining total illumination of each pixel to be displayed to an observer by a display means in a real-time computer image generator, comprising the steps of:

storing data signals representative of object polygon pixels visible to the observer in each pixel of the display;

storing data signals representing an illumination intensity received from a different light source by each polygon pixel viewable from that source; and

generating an illumination intensity data signal for each display pixel visible to the observer, responsive to the stored light source illumination data signals, to obtain an illumination intensity having proportional contributions from said each different light source impingent upon each visible pixel.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein a plurality of separate light sources illuminate said scene, and further comprising the step of storing data signals representing an illumination intensity received from each separate light source by each polygon pixel viewable from the associated one of the plurality of light sources;

said generating step also including the step of generating a total illumination intensity data signal for each display pixel visible to the observer, responsive to selected ones of the stored light source illumination data signals.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said data signals from all of the plurality of light sources are used to generate the data signal for the total light intensity at each observer-visible pixel.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating step includes the step of generating a non-saturating resultant illumination intensity data signal Lr from the totality of light sources illuminating each observer-visible display pixel.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein N different light sources illuminate the display scene, and the non-saturating data signal Lr is generated as substantially equal to the ones-complement of the product of ones-complement individual source intensities Li, for 1≦

i≦

N.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the processor means generates Lr={1-(1-L1)*(1-L2)* . . . *(1-Li)* . . . }.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein shutoff of a j-th source generates a new resultant intensity Lr'"'"' related to the illumination intensity Lj of the j-th source and the original resultant intensity Lr, by Lr'"'"'=(Lr-Lj)/(1-Lj).

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of providing depth buffer means for separately storing a set of the observer-visible pixels and an addition set of source-visible pixels.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein a set of source-visible pixels for each individual one of the plurality of light sources is separately stored in an associated one of a like plurality of depth buffer means.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the spatial extent of any one source depth buffer is limited responsive to the associated light source illuminating less than an entire scene frame.

18. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of:

generating a pxq pixel array, where p and q are both positive numbers; and

continuously moving the array across the observer frame to sequentially anti-alias the illumination to each display pixel.

19. A light source subassembly for use in a computer imaging system having depth buffer means associated with an observer'"'"'s position for storing data signals representative of observer-visible polygon pixels, the subassembly comprising:

at least one additional depth buffer means associated with a different light source illuminating a scene to be displayed, for temporarily storing data signals representative of portions of the scene which are illuminated by the light source; and

light processor means receiving the data signals from said at least one additional depth buffer means for adjusting proportionally an intensity of illumination on each pixel displayed to an observer of the scene responsive to each different light source forming the totality of light sources illuminating each pixel rendered by the observer depth buffer.

20. The light source subassembly of claim 19, wherein the light source processor means normalizes intensity range of said each different light source to lie between 0.0 and 1.0.

21. The light source subassembly of claim 19, wherein the light source processor means generates a non-saturating resultant illumination intensity data signal Lr from the totality of light sources illuminating each observer-visible display pixel.

22. The light source subassembly of claim 21, wherein N different light sources illuminate the display scene, and the data signal Lr is generated as substantially equal to the ones-complement of the product of ones-complement individual source intensity Li, for 1≦

i≦

N.

23. The light source subassembly of claim 22, wherein the processor means generates Lr={1-(1-L1)*(1-L2)* . . . *(1-Li)* . . . }.

24. The light source subassembly of claim 19, wherein said light source processor means also generates a continuously-moving pxq pixel array, where p and q are both positive numbers, for sequentially anti-aliasing each display pixel illumination.

32. The light source assembly of claim 19, wherein the computer imaging system is a real-time system.

25. A method for determining total illumination of each pixel to be displayed to an observer by a display means in a computer imaging system, comprising the steps of:

storing data signals representative of object polygon pixels visible to the observer in each pixel of the display;

storing data signals representing an illumination intensity received from a different light source by each polygon pixel viewable from that source; and

generating an illumination intensity data signal for each display pixel visible to the observer, responsive to the stored light source illumination data signals, to obtain an illumination intensity having proportional contributions from said each different light source impingent upon each visible pixel.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the generating step includes the step of normalizing intensity range of said each light source to lie between 0.0 and 1.0.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the generating step includes the step of generating a non-saturating resultant illumination intensity data signal Lr from the totality of light sources illuminating each observer-visible display pixel.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein N different light sources illuminate the display scene, and the non-saturating data signal Lr is generated as substantially equal to the one-complement of the product of ones-complement individual source intensities Li, for 1≦

i≦

N.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the processor means generates Lr={1-(1-L1)*(1-L2)* . . . *(1-Li)* . . . }.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein shutoff of a j-th source generates a new resultant intensity Lr'"'"' related to the illumination intensity Lj of the j-th source and the original resultant intensity Lr, by Lr'"'"'=(Lr-Lj)/(1-Lj).

31. The method of claim 25, further comprising the steps of:

generating a pxq pixel array, where p and q are both positive numbers; and

continuously moving the array across the observer frame to sequentially anti-alias the illumination to each display pixel.