Apparatus and method for automatic recognition of concealed objects using multiple energy computed tomography

• US 6,018,562 A
• Filed: 05/22/1998
• Issued: 01/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Willson, Paul D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Application Number:
  US09/087,694
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 378/5, 378/9, 378/57
• US Class Current: 378/9
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/087 using polyenergetic X-rays

Abstract

An apparatus and method for automatic recognition and identification of concealed objects and features thereof, such as contraband in baggage or defects in articles of manufacture, is disclosed. The apparatus uses multiple energy X-ray scanning to identify targets with a spectral response corresponding to a known response of targets of interest. Detection sensitivity for both automatic detection and manual inspection are improved through the multiple-energy, multispectral technique. Multichannel processing is used to achieve high throughput capability. Target identification may be verified through further analysis of such attributes as shape, texture, and context of the scan data. The apparatus uses a statistical analysis to predict the confidence level of a particular target identification. A radiograph, CT image, or both may be reconstructed and displayed on a computer monitor for visual analysis by an operator. Finally, the apparatus may receive and store input from the operator for use in subsequent target identification.

Claims

1. A system for identifying an object, comprising:

a substantially L-shaped source array comprised of a plurality of photon emitting elements for producing a plurality of x-ray photon beams directed towards the object, each photon beam being in a known energy band;

a substantially L-shaped photon energy measuring detector array including a plurality of detector elements and positioned relative to said source array, such that the object is located between said source array and said detector array, for measuring an energy of individual photons transmitted along said photon beams through the object;

a multi-channel analyzer circuit responsive to said detector array for determining said energy range of each photon energy and counting the number of photons per energy range per detector element per time interval, in order to generate multiple energy spectral photon counts;

computed tomography for constructing a spectral transmission by voxels of the object based on said multiple energy spectral photon counts;

a processor for isolating voxels with a predetermined spectral transmission, evaluating a connectivity of isolated voxels, and grouping interconnectible isolated voxels; and

wherein said processor further includes a device for determining attenuation coefficient values of known materials and a device for the application of a matched filter to compare said attenuation coefficient values with those of the object, and wherein said processor further includes a device for fusing attenuation coefficient values of neighboring voxels and a device for linking and analyzing voxels having approximately similar attenuation values.

2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said source array and said detector array include a plurality of x-ray sources and detector elements, respectively.

3. A system as recited in claim 1, further including a device for learning a new set of parameters to be used in subsequent target identification.