Self-powered current monitor

• US 6,018,700 A
• Filed: 02/19/1998
• Issued: 01/25/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Thomas G. Edel
• Original Assignee: Thomas G. Edel
• Inventors: Edel, Thomas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hoff, Marc S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bui, Bryan
• Application Number:
  US09/026,474
• Time in Patent Office: 705 Days
• Field of Search: 702/60-65, 364/528.28, 364/528.32, 364/528.33, 363/53, 361/18, 361/56, 361/118, 361/79
• US Class Current: 702/60
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 1/20 Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 13/02 for displaying measured electric variables in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/2513 Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging

Abstract

A self-powered current monitor for monitoring current in electric power systems. Various data relating to input currents may be displayed, such as current magnitude, current demand, and harmonics levels. Operating power is derived from one or more of the input currents. The power supply configuration may include a burden-reducing means to reduce the burden on input current sources during sampling of the input currents. The self-powered current monitor (1) includes a power supply section (3), input resistors (R1 and R3), an analog-to-digital converter circuit (5), a microprocessor circuit (6), a memory circuit (9), and a display circuit (7). Optional features include a burden-reducing circuit (2), input circuit protective elements (D1, D2, D3, D4, R2, and R4), an amplifier circuit (4), a user interface circuit (10), and an interface circuit (8) for communication to other equipment.

Claims

1. A self-powered current monitor for providing visual indication of characteristics of an electric current;

said self-powered current monitor comprising;

(a) a current-sensing means, connected in series with said electric current, providing an analog signal containing information about said characteristics;

(b) an analog-to-digital converter means, connected to said current-sensing means, converting said analog signal into a digital signal;

(c) a display means providing visual indication of said characteristics;

(d) a memory means storing working data and program data;

(e) a microprocessor means, connected to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said display means and to said memory means, receiving said digital signal, utilizing said program data and said working data to determine said characteristics, and providing output suitable for said display means;

(f) a power supply means, connected in series with said electric current, deriving regulated d-c power from said electric current; and

(g) a power-distributing means, connected to said power supply means and to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said display means and to said memory means and to said microprocessor means, distributing said regulated d-c power from said power supply means to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said display means and to said memory means and to said microprocessor means;

said electric current being generated by a current source;

wherein said characteristics of said electric current comprise one or more of root-mean-square magnitude, average magnitude, peak magnitude, harmonic component magnitudes, distortion factor, form factor, crest factor, equivalent k-factor for transformers with harmonic rating, graphical representation of the waveform, current demand, and maximum current demand.

2. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) an internal transformer having a primary winding connected in series with said electric current, and a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a rectifying means, connected to said secondary winding, producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

said electric current being an alternating electric current.

3. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 further including a burden-reducing means to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means may have on said current source while said analog-to-digital converter means is sampling said analog signal;

said burden-reducing means being connected to said power supply means with a control signal connection to said microprocessor means;

said power supply means utilizing stored energy to maintain regulated power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said microprocessor means further controlling the time periods that said burden-reducing means is actuated.

4. The self-powered current monitor of claim 3 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) an internal transformer having a primary winding connected in series with said electric current, and a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a rectifying means, connected to said secondary winding, producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said electric current being an alternating electric current;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

5. The self-powered current monitor of claim 3 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage;

and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected to said rectifying means and to said resistor in such a way as to temporarily switch said electric current away from said charge-storing means and through said resistor when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said resistor being connected in series with said electric current only while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

6. The self-powered current monitor of claim 3 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected to said power supply means in such a way as to temporarily shunt said electric current away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

7. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 further including an amplifier means, connected to said current-sensing means and to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said power-distributing means, amplifying said analog signal prior to input to said analog-to-digital converter means.

8. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 further including a user interface means, connected to said microprocessor means, enabling user input to said microprocessor means to modify how data is displayed and to set operational parameters;

said microprocessor means further operating to receive user input from said user interface means.

9. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 further including an interface means, connected to said microprocessor means and to said power-distributing means, communicating data to other equipment;

said microprocessor means further providing data to said interface means for communication to other equipment.

10. The self-powered current monitor of claim 1 further including means for monitoring a plurality of said electric current comprising a plurality of said current-sensing means each connected in series with one of said plurality of said electric current thereby producing a plurality of said analog signal each containing information about one of said plurality of said electric current;

said analog-to-digital converter means having a plurality of inputs corresponding to the number of said plurality of said electric current;

said plurality of said current-sensing means being connected to said analog-to-digital converter means.

11. The self-powered current monitor of claim 10 wherein said power supply means further includes means for deriving said regulated d-c power from any or all of said plurality of said electric current;

said means for deriving said regulated d-c power being connected in series with each of said plurality of said electric current.

12. A self-powered current monitor for communicating characteristics of an electric current;

said self-powered current monitor comprising;

(a) a current-sensing means, connected in series with said electric current, providing an analog signal containing information about said characteristics;

(b) an analog-to-digital converter means, connected to said current-sensing means, converting said analog signal into a digital signal;

(c) an interface means communicating said characteristics to other equipment;

(d) a memory means storing working data and program data;

(e) a microprocessor means, connected to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said interface means and to said memory means, receiving said digital signal, utilizing said program data and said working data to determine said characteristics, and providing output suitable for said interface means;

(f) a power supply means, connected in series with said electric current, deriving regulated d-c power from said electric current; and

(g) a power-distributing means, connected to said power supply means and to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said interface means and to said memory means and to said microprocessor means, distributing said regulated d-c power from said power supply means to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said interface means and to said memory means and to said microprocessor means;

said electric current being generated by a current source;

wherein said characteristics of said electric current comprise one or more of root-mean-square magnitude, average magnitude, peak magnitude, harmonic component magnitudes, distortion factor, form factor, crest factor, equivalent k-factor for transformers with harmonic rating, graphical representation of the waveform, current demand, and maximum current demand.

13. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) an internal transformer having a primary winding connected in series with said electric current, and a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a rectifying means, connected to said secondary winding, producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

said electric current being an alternating electric current.

14. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 further including a burden-reducing means to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means may have on said current source while said analog-to-digital converter means is sampling said analog signal;

said burden-reducing means being connected to said power supply means with a control signal connection to said microprocessor means;

said power supply means utilizing stored energy to maintain regulated power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said microprocessor means further controlling the time periods that said burden-reducing means is actuated.

15. The self-powered current monitor of claim 14 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) an internal transformer having a primary winding connected in series with said electric current, and a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a rectifying means, connected to said secondary winding, producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said electric current being an alternating electric current;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

16. The self-powered current monitor of claim 14 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected to said rectifying means and to said resistor in such a way as to temporarily switch said electric current away from said charge-storing means and through said resistor when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said resistor being connected in series with said electric current only while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

17. The self-powered current monitor of claim 14 wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said power supply means comprises;

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected to said power supply means in such a way as to temporarily shunt said electric current away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by said microprocessor means;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

18. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 further including an amplifier means, connected to said current-sensing means and to said analog-to-digital converter means and to said power-distributing means, amplifying said analog signal prior to input to said analog-to-digital converter means.

19. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 further including a user interface means, connected to said microprocessor means, enabling user input to said microprocessor means to modify how data is communicated and to set operational parameters;

said microprocessor means further operating to receive user input from said user interface means.

20. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 wherein said interface means communicates to said other equipment via electrical signals conducted by metallic conductors connected between said interface means and said other equipment.

21. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 wherein said interface means communicates to said other equipment via electromagnetic radiation traveling through air between said interface means and said other equipment.

22. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 wherein said interface means communicates to said other equipment via light waves traveling in optical fiber connected between said interface means and said other equipment.

23. The self-powered current monitor of claim 12 further including means for monitoring a plurality of said electric current comprising a plurality of said current-sensing means each connected in series with one of said plurality of said electric current thereby producing a plurality of said analog signal each containing information about one of said plurality of said electric current;

said analog-to-digital converter means having a plurality of inputs corresponding to the number of said plurality of said electric current;

said plurality of said current-sensing means being connected to said analog-to-digital converter means.

24. The self-powered current monitor of claim 23 wherein said power supply means further includes means for deriving said regulated d-c power from any or all of said plurality of said electric current;

said means for deriving said regulated d-c power being connected in series with each of said plurality of said electric current.

25. In combination:

(a) a power supply means receiving an electric current from a current source and providing a regulated d-c power output derived from said electric current;

(b) a current-sensing means, connected to said power supply means, providing an analog signal containing information about said electric current; and

(c) a burden-reducing means, connected to said power supply means;

said current source being adversely affected by the normal burden effect of said power supply means;

said burden-reducing means acting to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means has on said current source while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said power supply means utilizing stored energy to maintain said regulated d-c power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

26. The combination of claim 25, wherein said current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current.

27. The combination of claim 26, wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) an internal transformer having a primary winding connected in series with said electric current, and a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a rectifying means, connected to said secondary winding, producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls;

said electric current being an alternating electric current;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

28. The combination of claim 27 further receiving a plurality of said electric current and further including a plurality of said resistor, a plurality of said internal transformer, a plurality of said rectifying means, a plurality of said voltage-limiting means, and a plurality of said burden-reducing means;

each of these plural components being connected in a similar manner as in claim 27 to provide rectified current to said charge-storing means from each of said plurality of said electric current and provide a plurality of said voltage signal each proportional to one of said plurality of said electric current;

each of said plurality of said voltage-limiting means being connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformer;

each of said plurality of said burden-reducing means being connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformer.

29. The combination of claim 27 further receiving a plurality of said electric current and further including a plurality of said resistor, a plurality of said internal transformer, and a plurality of said rectifying means;

each of these plural components being connected in a similar manner as in claim 27 to provide rectified current to said charge-storing means from each of said plurality of said electric current and provide a plurality of said voltage signal each proportional to one of said plurality of said electric current;

said voltage-limiting means acting to shunt excess current from the secondary windings of all of said plurality of said internal transformer away from said charge-storing means;

said burden-reducing means acting to temporarily shunt current from the secondary windings of all of said plurality of said internal transformer away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls.

30. The combination of claim 26, wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means when actuated by suitable control means, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt said electric current away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

31. The combination of claim 30 further receiving a plurality of said electric current and further including a plurality of said resistor, a plurality of said rectifying means, a plurality of said voltage-limiting means, and a plurality of said burden-reducing means;

each of these plural components being connected in a similar manner as in claim 30 to provide direct current to said charge-storing means from each of said plurality of said electric current and to provide a plurality of said voltage signal each proportional to one of said plurality of said electric current.

32. The combination of claim 25, wherein said analog signal contains information about said electric current only when said burden-reducing means is actuated;

said current-sensing means comprising a resistor temporarily connected in series with said electric current thereby producing said analog signal which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

said resistor being connected in series with said electric current whenever said burden-reducing means is actuated.

33. The combination of claim 32 wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) a rectifying means, converting said electric current to direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current and acting as an energy storage device;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said electric current away from said charge-storing means when actuated by suitable control means, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

and said burden-reducing means comprises one or more electronic switch means connected to said rectifying means and to said resistor in such a way as to temporarily switch said electric current away from said charge-storing means and through said resistor when so actuated by external controls;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

34. The combination of claim 33 further receiving a plurality of said electric current and further including a plurality of said resistor, a plurality of said rectifying means, a plurality of said voltage-limiting means, and a plurality of said burden-reducing means;

each of these plural components being connected in a similar manner as in claim 33 to provide direct current to said charge-storing means from each of said plurality of said electric current and to provide a plurality of said voltage signal each proportional to one of said plurality of said electric current.

35. In combination:

(a) a power supply means receiving a plurality of electric currents from a plurality of current sources and providing a regulated d-c power output derived from said plurality of electric currents; and

(b) a plurality of current-sensing means, connected to said power supply means, providing a plurality of analog signals each containing information about characteristics of one of said plurality of electric currents;

wherein each of said plurality of current-sensing means comprises a resistor connected in series with one of said plurality of electric currents thereby producing one of said plurality of analog signals which is a voltage signal across said resistor proportional to said electric current;

wherein said characteristics of said electric currents comprise one or more of root-mean-square magnitude, average magnitude, peak magnitude, harmonic component magnitudes, distortion factor, form factor, crest factor, equivalent k-factor for transformers with harmonic rating, graphical representation of the waveform, current demand, and maximum current demand.

36. The combination of claim 35, wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) a plurality of internal transformers, each having a primary winding connected in series with one of said plurality of electric currents, and each having a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding;

(b) a plurality of rectifying means, each connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformers, each producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said plurality of rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a plurality of voltage-limiting means, each connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformers, shunting excess current from said secondary winding away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, each of said plurality of voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

each of said plurality of electric currents being alternating electric currents.

37. The combination of claim 36 wherein said power supply means further includes a plurality of burden-reducing means, each connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformers, each comprising one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt current from the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformers away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

each of said plurality of current sources being adversely affected by the normal burden effect of said power supply means;

each of said plurality of burden-reducing means acting to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means has on one of said plurality of current sources.

38. The combination of claim 35, wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) a plurality of internal transformers, each having a primary winding connected in series with one of said plurality of electric currents, and each having a secondary winding magnetically coupled to the primary winding by a suitable magnetic core thereby inducing an alternating current in said secondary winding,

(b) a plurality of rectifying means, each connected to the secondary winding of one of said plurality of internal transformers, each producing direct current from said alternating current;

(c) a charge-storing means, connected to said plurality of rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current;

(d) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(e) a voltage-limiting means, connected in such a way as to shunt excess of said direct current away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, said voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value;

each of said plurality of electric currents being alternating electric currents.

39. The combination of claim 38 wherein said power supply means further includes a burden-reducing means comprising one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt said direct current away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

each of said plurality of current sources being adversely affected by the normal burden effect of said power supply means;

said burden-reducing means acting to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means has on said plurality of current sources while said burden-reducing means is actuated.

40. The combination of claim 35, wherein said power supply means comprises:

(a) a plurality of rectifying means, each receiving one of said plurality of electric currents, each producing direct current;

(b) a charge-storing means, connected to said plurality of rectifying means, providing an unregulated d-c voltage from said direct current;

(c) a voltage-regulating means, connected to said charge-storing means, producing said regulated d-c power output from said unregulated d-c voltage; and

(d) a plurality of voltage-limiting means, each connected in such a way as to shunt excess of one of said plurality of electric currents away from said charge-storing means thereby limiting said unregulated d-c voltage to a predetermined value, each of said plurality of voltage-limiting means comprising one or more electronic switch means and suitable control means, said suitable control means sensing said unregulated d-c voltage and actuating said electronic switch means whenever said unregulated d-c voltage exceeds a predetermined value.

41. The combination of claim 40 wherein said power supply means further includes a plurality of burden-reducing means, each comprising one or more electronic switch means connected in such a way as to temporarily shunt one of said plurality of electric currents away from said charge-storing means when so actuated by external controls;

said voltage-regulating means utilizing energy stored in said charge-storing means to produce said regulated d-c power output while said burden-reducing means is actuated;

each of said plurality of current sources being adversely affected by the normal burden effect of said power supply means;

each of said plurality of burden-reducing means acting to temporarily reduce the burden effect that said power supply means has on one of said plurality of current sources.