Converter/inverter full bridge ballast circuit

• US 6,020,688 A
• Filed: 10/10/1997
• Issued: 02/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Chicago Miniature Optoelectronic Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Electro-Mag International, Inc.
• Inventors: Moisin, Mihail S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Don
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Wilson
• Application Number:
  US08/948,690
• Time in Patent Office: 844 Days
• Field of Search: 315/307, 315/297, 315/209 R, 315/209 T, 315/209 CD, 315/283, 315/354, 315/338, 315/276, 315/291, 315/224
• US Class Current: 315/209.00R
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/425 using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a high frequency AC output voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/538 in a push-pull configuration H02M7/5375 takes precedence ; with oscillating arrangements H02M7/53832, H02M7/53846
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5383 in a self-oscillating arrangement H02M7/538 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53832 in a push-pull arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 41/28 using static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 41/2856 against internal abnormal circuit conditions
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A circuit for driving a load. In one embodiment, the load is driven by an inverter circuit having a full bridge circuit divided by inductive elements to provide cross conduction protection. In another embodiment, first and second converter circuits are coupled to the inverter circuit with the inverter and converter circuits having common circuit elements. In a further embodiment, a common mode inductor is inductively coupled to a power circuit for detecting a common mode signal generated by a load current return path disruption. The common mode inductor is coupled to a control circuit for limiting current to the load.

Claims

1. A circuit for driving a load, comprising:

a bridge circuit having a full bridge topology, the bridge circuit having a first half including a first switching element and a first passive current switch element and a second half including a second switching element and a second passive current switch, the first and second switching elements being alternately conductive for resonant operation of the circuit, the bridge circuit being divided into the first and second halves by inductively coupled first and second inductive elements connected so as form a series circuit path, with the load adapted for being coupled between the first and second inductive elements, wherein a first series circuit path includes the first switching element, the first and second inductive elements, and the second switching element.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the bridge circuit is a self-resonant circuit including a resonating capacitive element adapted for coupling to the load and to the first and second inductive elements.

3. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second switching elements is controlled by a control inductive element inductively coupled to at least one of the first and second inductive elements.

4. The circuit according to claim 1, further including a third switching element coupled to one of the first and second switching elements wherein the third switching element turns off the coupled first or second switching element when a current through the coupled first or second switching element is greater than a predetermined level.

5. The circuit according to claim 1, further including a first converter inductor coupled to the bridge circuit, wherein a first converter circuit includes the first converter inductor, the first switching element, the first current switch element and a first capacitive element.

6. The circuit according to claim 5, further including a second converter inductor coupled to the inverter circuit wherein a second converter circuit includes the second converter inductor, the second switching element, the second current switch element and the first capacitive element.

7. The circuit according to claim 5, wherein the first converter inductor is inductively coupled with an inductive element coupled to the first switching element for controlling the conduction state of the first switching element.

8. The circuit according to claim 6, wherein the first and second converter inductors are inductively coupled.

9. The circuit according to claim 6, wherein the first and second converter inductors are effective to charge the first capacitive element on each cycle.

10. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the circuit is a ballast circuit and the bridge circuit is an inverter.

11. The circuit according to claim 5, further including a diode coupled in series with the first inductive element for preventing the flow of current from the first converter inductor to the first inductive element.

19. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first and second inductive elements limit current flow during cross conduction of the first and second switching elements.

20. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first and second inductive elements have respective polarities such that when the first and second switching elements are simultaneously conductive flux generated by the first inductive element cancels flux generated by the second inductive element.

28. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein a second series circuit path includes the first passive current switch, the first and second inductive elements and the second passive current switch.

29. The circuit according to claim 1, wherein load current flows through the first inductive element in a first direction when the first switching element is conductive, and flows in a second, opposite direction through the second inductive element when the second switching element is conductive, such that current through each of the respective first and second inductive elements is substantially unidirectional.

12. A circuit for driving a load, comprising:

a first converter circuit including a first switching element and a first converter inductive element;

a resonant inverter circuit including the first switching element and a second switching element, wherein the first switching element forms a portion of the power circuit; and

a second converter circuit including the second switching element and a second converter inductive element, wherein the resonant inverter circuit has a full bridge topology, the full bridge having a first portion formed from the first switching element and a first passive switch and a second portion formed from the second switching element and a second passive switch, with first and second inductive elements dividing the bridge circuit into the first and second portions.

13. A circuit for driving a load, comprising:

a first converter circuit including a first switching element and a first converter inductive element;

an inverter circuit including the first switching element and a second switching element;

wherein the first switching element forms a portion of the power circuit; and

a second converter circuit including the second switching element and a second converter inductive element, wherein the first converter circuit includes the first converter inductive element, a first current switch, a first capacitive element, and the first switching element, and wherein the power circuit is a resonant inverter circuit having a full bridge topolgy with a first portion including the first switching element and the first current switch and a second portion including the second switching element and the second current switch with first and second inductive elements dividing the full bridge into the first and second portions.

14. The circuit according to claim 13, wherein the inverter circuit is a self-resonating circuit.

15. The circuit according to claim 13, wherein the first and second converter inductive elements are inductively coupled.

16. The circuit according to claim 14, wherein the first switching element is controlled by a switch inductor element inductively coupled to the first inductive element.

17. A ballast circuit for driving a lamp, comprising:

a resonant circuit having a full bridge topology, the resonant circuit having a first portion including a first switching element and a first diode and a second portion including a second switching element and a second diode with first and second inductive elements, which are coupled so as to form a series circuit path, dividing the bridge into the first and second portions, wherein the load is coupled between the first and second inductive elements;

a capacitive element coupling the first and second portions of the bridge circuit;

a first converter circuit including a first converter inductor, wherein the first switching element forms a portion of the first converter circuit; and

a second converter circuit including a second converter inductor, wherein the second switching element forms a portion of the second converter circuit.

18. The circuit according to claim 17, wherein the first and second switching elements are controlled by the first and second converter inductors and/or the first and second inductive elements.

21. A resonant inverter circuit having a full bridge topology, comprising:

a first portion having a circuit loop formed by a first diode, a first switching element, a first inductive element and a second inductive element;

a second portion having first and second circuit loops, the first circuit loop being formed by a second switching element, a resonant capacitor, a DC blocking capacitor and the second inductive element, the second circuit loop being formed by a second diode, the resonant capacitor, the DC blocking capacitor and the first inductive element;

wherein the resonant capacitor is adapted for coupling to a load.

22. The circuit according to claim 21, wherein the load is coupled in parallel with the resonant capacitor.

23. The circuit according to claim 22, further including a bridge capacitor coupled to the first diode and the second switching element.

24. The circuit according to claim 21, further including a third inductive element inductively coupled to at least one of the first and second inductive elements, the third inductive element being coupled to the first switching element for controlling a conduction state of the first switching element.

25. A resonant inverter circuit, comprising:

a first inductive element having first and second terminals;

a second inductive element having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first inductive element and a second terminal, the second inductive element being inductively coupled with the first inductive element;

a first diode having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the second inductive element and a second terminal;

a first switching element having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the first diode and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the first terminal of the first inductive element;

a second diode having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the first switching element and a second terminal;

a second switching element having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first diode and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the second diode;

a DC blocking capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the first terminals of the first and second inductive elements and a second terminal;

a resonant capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the DC blocking capacitor and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the second switching element; and

at least one terminal for connection to a load, the at least one terminal being coupled in parallel with the resonant capacitor.

26. An inverter circuit for energizing a load, comprising:

a positive rail and a negative rail;

a first diode coupled to the positive rail;

a first switching element coupled to the positive rail;

a second switching element coupled to the negative rail;

a second diode coupled to the negative rail;

first and second inductively coupled inductors connected end-to-end;

a resonant capacitor for coupling to the load,

wherein a first circuit loop includes the first diode, the first switching element, the second diode and the second switching element, a second circuit loop includes the first diode, the first switching element, and the first and second inductive elements, a third circuit loop includes the second switching element and the second inductive element, and a fourth circuit loop includes the second diode and the first inductive element such that load current flows through a point between the first and second inductive elements.

27. A resonant inverter circuit for driving a load, comprising:

a bridge circuit having a full bridge topology with only two actively controlled switching elements, the full bridge circuit including;

a first actively controlled switching element coupled to a positive rail of the inverter;

a first diode coupled to the positive rail;

a second actively controlled switching element coupled to a negative rail of the inverter;

a second diode coupled to the negative rail;

first and second inductively coupled inductors coupled end-to-end, wherein the first inductor is coupled to a point between the first switching element and the second diode, and the second inductor is coupled to a point between the second switching element and the first diode,

wherein an outer circuit loop of the full bridge circuit includes the first and second actively controlled switching elements and the first and second diodes.