Optical sensor activation device

• US 6,021,240 A
• Filed: 10/02/1997
• Issued: 02/01/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. (Intuitive Surgical Holdings, LLC)
• Original Assignee: F&B LLP
• Inventors: Jones, Mark E., Murphy, Kent A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HAO, VICKY D
• Application Number:
  US08/942,927
• Time in Patent Office: 852 Days
• Field of Search: 385/12, 385/13, 385/37, 250/227.14
• US Class Current: 385/37
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35345 using Amplitude variations to detect the measured quantity
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35377 Means for amplifying or modifying the measured quantity
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02095 Long period gratings, i.e. transmission gratings coupling light between core and cladding modes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02104 characterised by the coating external to the cladding, e.g. coating influences grating properties
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/14 Mode converters

Abstract

An optical sensor having at least one long period grating disposed within an optical waveguide is provided. The optical waveguide has a refractive index profile. The long period grating has a plurality of index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ. The long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes that excite a sensing mechanism. The excitation of confined propagating broadband light is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the long period grating and the refractive index profile of the optical waveguide.

Claims

1. An optical sensor comprising:

an optical waveguide;

at least one pair of long period gratings disposed within the optical waveguide, wherein the pair of long period gratings comprises first and second long period gratings placed in an operable relationship with each other, each long period grating has a plurality of index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

;

wherein the first long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes wherein the light in the higher order modes causes an excitation of a sensing mechanism; and

wherein the second long period grating directs light back into the optical waveguide.

2. An optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the periodic distance is irregular.

3. An optical sensor according to claim 2, wherein the periodic distance is 10 μ

m≦

Λ

≦

1500 μ

m.

4. An optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the periodic distance is 10 μ

m≦

Λ

≦

1500 μ

m.

5. An optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensing mechanism is a fluorescent signal.

6. An optical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide is selected from the group consisting of a planar optical waveguide;

an integrated optic waveguide; and

a fiber optic waveguide.

7. An optical sensor according to claim 6, wherein the optical waveguide is a fiber optic waveguide.

8. An optical sensor according to claim 1, further comprising a fluorescent coating disposed on the optical waveguide and positioned in an operable relationship to each pair of long period gratings.

9. An optical sensor comprising:

a fiber optic waveguide having a refractive index profile;

at least one long period grating disposed within the fiber optic waveguide, wherein the long period grating has a plurality of irregular index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

where;

10 μ

m≦

Λ

≦

1500 μ

m;

a metallic coating disposed on the fiber optic waveguide and positioned in an operable relationship to the long period grating, wherein the long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes;

wherein the excitation of broadband light is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the long period grating and the refractive index profile of the fiber optic waveguide; and

wherein the light in the higher order modes excites a surface plasmon wave.

10. An optical sensor comprising:

a fiber optic waveguide having a refractive index profile;

at least one long period grating disposed within the fiber optic waveguide, wherein the long period grating has a plurality of regular index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

where;

10 μ

m≦

79 ≦

1500 μ

m;

a metallic coating disposed on the fiber optic waveguide and positioned in an operable relationship to the long period grating, wherein the long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes;

wherein the excitation is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the long period grating and the refractive index profile of the fiber optic waveguide; and

wherein the light in the higher order modes excites a surface plasmon wave in the metallic coating.

11. An optical sensor comprising:

a fiber optic waveguide having a refractive index profile;

at least one pair of long period gratings disposed within the fiber optic waveguide, each pair comprising first and second long period gratings placed in an operable relationship with each other, wherein each long period grating has a plurality of index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

where 10 μ

m≦

Λ

≦

1500 μ

m;

a fluorescent coating placed in an operable relationship to each pair of long period gratings;

wherein the first long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes wherein the light in the higher order modes causes an excitation of a fluorescent signal, wherein the excitation of the fluorescent signal is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the first long period grating and the refractive index profile of the fiber optic waveguide; and

wherein the second long period grating directs light back into the fiber optic waveguide.

12. An optical sensor comprising:

an optical waveguide having a refractive index profile;

at least one long period grating disposed within the optical waveguide, wherein the long period grating has a plurality of index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

, wherein the long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes, wherein the excitation of confined propagating broadband light is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the long period grating and the refractive index profile of the optical waveguide;

a fluorescent coating disposed on the optical waveguide and positioned in an operable relationship to the long period grating; and

wherein the light in the higher order modes causes an excitation of a sensing mechanism.

13. An optical sensor comprising:

an optical waveguide having a refractive index profile;

at least one long period grating disposed within the optical waveguide, wherein the long period grating has a plurality of index perturbations spaced apart by a periodic distance Λ

, wherein the long period grating promotes an excitation of confined propagating broadband light into higher order modes, wherein the excitation of confined propagating broadband light is spectrally dependent on the periodic distance of the long period grating and the refractive index profile of the optical waveguide;

a metallic coating disposed on the optical waveguide and positioned in an operable relationship to the long period grating; and

wherein the light in the higher order modes causes an excitation of a sensing mechanism.

14. An optical sensor according to claim 13, wherein the sensing mechanism is a surface plasmon wave.