Artificial chromosomes, uses thereof and methods for preparing artificial chromosomes

• US 6,025,155 A
• Filed: 08/07/1996
• Issued: 02/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Biological Research Center Of The Hungarian Academy Of Sciences, Glaxo Group Limited (Glaxosmithkline Holdings Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Biological Research Center Of The Hungarian Academy Of Sciences, Chromos Molecular Systems Inc. (Calyx Bio Ventures, Inc. (Old))
• Inventors: Szalay, Aladar A., Hadlaczky, Gyula
• Primary Examiner(s): RAILEY, JOHNNY F
• Application Number:
  US08/695,191
• Time in Patent Office: 1,287 Days
• Field of Search: 435/172.3, 435/320.1, 435/69.1, 435/325
• US Class Current: 435/69.1
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 2217/05 Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 2227/105 Murine
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 2227/30 Bird
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 2267/01 Animal expressing industrially exogenous proteins
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 2267/03 Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 67/0275 Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/00 Medicinal preparations containing peptides peptides containing beta-lactam rings A61K31/00; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, A61K31/00; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type A61K31/48; containing macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units A61K31/74; medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies A61K39/00; medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients, e.g. peptides as drug carriers, A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 48/00 Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 2319/036 targeting to the medium outside of the cell, e.g. type III secretion
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 2319/61 containing an enzyme fusion for detection (lacZ, luciferase)
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/113 Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing when used in plants C12N15/8218
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/625 containing a sequence coding for a signal sequence
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/82 for plant cells , e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/85 for animal cells
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 15/8509 for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2310/111 spanning the whole gene, or a large part of it
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2800/20 Pseudochromosomes, minichrosomosomes
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2800/206 of yeast origin, e.g. YAC, 2u
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2800/208 of mammalian origin, e.g. minichromosome
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2830/002 : inducible enhancer/promoter combination, e.g. hypoxia, iron, transcription factor

Abstract

Methods for preparing cell lines that contain artificial chromosomes, methods for preparation of artificial chromosomes, methods for purification of artificial chromosomes, methods for targeted insertion of heterologous DNA into artificial chromosomes, and methods for delivery of the chromosomes to selected cells and tissues are provided. Also provided are cell lines for use in the methods, and cell lines and chromosomes produced by the methods. In particular, satellite artificial chromosomes that, except for inserted heterologous DNA, are substantially composed of heterochromatin are provided. Methods for use of the artificial chromosomes, including for gene therapy, production of gene products and production of transgenic plants and animals are also provided.

Claims

1. A method of producing a product that is produced upon expression of a metabolic pathway, comprising culturing a cell comprising an artificial chromosome under conditions whereby the pathway is expressed to produce the product, wherein:

the artificial chromosome is selected from the group consisting of a satellite artificial chromosome and a minichromosome;

the artificial chromosome comprises multiple copies of a heterologous gene or a plurality of heterologous genes; and

the heterologous genes encode proteins that comprise the metabolic pathway.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the product is a vitamin, a hormone, a nucleotide, an amino acid, a protein or a peptide.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the artificial chromosome is a satellite artificial chromosome.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 250 to about 400 megabases.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 150 to about 200 megabases.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 90 to about 120 megabases.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 60 to about 100 megabases.

8. The method of claim 3 wherein the artificial chromosome is a megachromosome.

9. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 7.5 to about 60 megabases.

10. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 30 to about 50 megabases.

11. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 10 to about 15 megabases.

12. The method of claim 3 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 15 to about 50 megabases.

13. The method of claim 3, wherein the satellite artificial chromosome is produced by a method comprising:

introducing one or more DNA fragments into a cell, wherein the DNA fragment or fragments comprise a selectable marker;

growing the cell under selective conditions to produce cells that have incorporated the DNA fragment or fragments into their genomic DNA; and

selecting a cell that comprises a satellite artificial chromosome.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of growth factors, antibodies, transcription factors, tumor suppressor proteins, enzymes, heat shock proteins, receptors, cytokines, proteases and hormones.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the artificial chromosome is a minichromosome.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the minichromosome is a λ

neo-chromosome.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the minichromosome comprises a neocentromere.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the minichromosome is produced by a method comprising:

introducing one or more DNA fragments into a cell, wherein the DNA fragment or fragments comprise a selectable marker;

growing the cell under selective conditions to produce cells that have incorporated the DNA fragment or fragments into their genomic DNA;

selecting a cell that comprises a minichromosome.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the heterologous genes are expressed in the cell.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the heterologous genes are expressed in the cell in the absence of selective conditions.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the product is produced by expression of a series of genes that encode a metabolic pathway;

and the satellite artificial chromosome comprises each of these genes.

22. A method for producing a gene product or products comprising:

introducing satellite artificial chromosomes comprising DNA encoding the gene product or products into cells; and

culturing the cells under conditions whereby the gene product or products are expressed.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the satellite artificial chromosomes are produced by a method comprising:

introducing one or more DNA fragments into a cell, wherein the DNA fragment or fragments comprise a selectable marker;

growing the cell under selective conditions to produce cells that have incorporated the DNA fragment or fragments into their genomic DNA;

selecting a cell that comprises a satellite artificial chromosome;

introducing DNA that comprises DNA encoding the gene product or products into the selected cell that comprises a satellite artificial chromosome; and

selecting a cell that comprises a satellite artificial chromosome that comprises the DNA encoding the gene product or products.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the satellite artificial chromosomes are purified prior to being introduced into the cells.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the gene product or products are selected from the group consisting of growth factors, antibodies, transcription factors, tumor suppressor proteins, enzymes, heat shock proteins, receptors, cytokines, proteases and hormones.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the gene product or products are therapeutically effective products.

27. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 250 to about 400 megabases.

28. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 150 to about 200 megabases.

29. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 90 to about 120 megabases.

30. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 60 to about 100 megabases.

31. The method of claim 22 wherein the artificial chromosome is a megachromosome.

32. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 7.5 to about 60 megabases.

33. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 30 to about 50 megabases.

34. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 10 to about 15 megabases.

35. The method of claim 22 wherein the satellite artificial chromosome contains about 15 to about 50 megabases.

36. A method for producing a gene product, comprising introducing a satellite artificial chromosome into a cell;

and culturing the cell under conditions whereby the gene product is expressed, wherein the satellite artificial chromosome comprises the gene.

37. A method for producing a gene product or products, comprising culturing a cell containing a satellite artificial chromosome comprising DNA encoding the gene product or products under conditions whereby the gene product or products are expressed, wherein the satellite artificial chromosome is produced by a method, comprising:

introducing one or more DNA fragments into a cell, wherein the DNA fragment or fragments cornprise a selectable marker;

growing the cell under selective conditions to produce cells that have incorporated the DNA fragment or fragments into their genomic DNA; and

selecting a cell that comprises a satellite artificial chromosome.