Antenna system for dual mode satellite/cellular portable phone

• US 6,025,816 A
• Filed: 12/24/1996
• Issued: 02/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Optis Cellular Technology LLC (Brevet Capital)
• Original Assignee: Ericsson, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Inventors: MacDonald, James, Dent, Paul, Ma, Yawei, Hassan, Amer
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Don
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HOANG V
• Application Number:
  US08/773,661
• Time in Patent Office: 1,148 Days
• Field of Search: 343/895, 343/702, 343/700 MS
• US Class Current: 343/895
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/084 Pivotable antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/242 specially adapted for hand-held use
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/362 for broadside radiating helical antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 11/08 Helical antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/378 Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/40 Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements

Abstract

An antenna operable in two disparate frequency bands is disclosed as including a first quadrifilar helix having four conductive elements arranged helically to define a cylinder of substantially constant radius, where the first quadrifilar helix is formed of two bifilar helices arranged orthogonally and excited in phase quadrature. A quadrature feed network is connected to the first quadrifilar helix, wherein one end of a coupling element thereof is connected to a first end of each conductive element. The quadrature feed network also includes a first feedpoint for operation of the antenna with circular polarization in a first frequency band and a second feedpoint for operation of the antenna with linear polarization in a second frequency band. The antenna may include a second quadrifilar helix connected to the quadrature feed network and having four conductive elements arranged helically to define a cylinder of substantially constant radius, where the second quadrifilar helix is formed by two bifilar helices arranged orthogonally and excited in phase quadrature. The second quadrifilar helix is wound in opposite sense with respect to the first quadrifilar helix so as to be conductively coupled therewith.

Claims

1. An antenna operable in two disparate frequency bands, comprising:

(a) a first quadrifilar helix including four conductive elements arranged helically to define a cylinder of substantially constant radius, said first quadrifilar helix being formed of two bifilar helices arranged orthogonally and excited in phase quadrature; and

(b) a quadrature feed network connected to said first quadrifilar helix, wherein one end of a coupling element thereof is connected to a first end of each said conductive element, said quadrature feed network further comprising;

(1) a first feedpoint connected to a first pair of said conductive elements, said coupling element being balanced and said first quadrifilar helix having circular polarization, wherein said antenna is operable in a first frequency band; and

(2) a second feedpoint connected to a second pair of said conductive elements, said coupling element being unbalanced and said first quadrifilar helix having linear polarization, wherein said antenna is operable in a second frequency band.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said first frequency band is within a satellite mode of operation.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein said antenna is operable in said first frequency band for transmitting a signal and said antenna is operable in a third frequency band for receiving a signal.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said second frequency band is within a cellular mode of operation.

5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein said antenna is operable in said second frequency band for transmitting and receiving a signal.

6. The antenna of claim 1, said antenna further comprising a sheet of dielectric material, wherein said conductive elements and said coupling element are printed thereon.

7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein said first pair of said conductive elements are printed on a first surface of said dielectric sheet and said second pair of said conductive elements are printed on a second surface of said dielectric sheet.

8. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising a second quadrifilar helix connected to said quadrature feed network and having four conductive elements arranged helically to define a cylinder of substantially constant radius, said second quadrifilar helix being formed of two bifilar helices arranged orthogonally and excited in phase quadrature, wherein said second quadrifilar helix is wound in an opposite direction from said first quadrifilar helix with respect to a longitudinal axis for said helices.

9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein said respective conductive elements of said first and second quadrifilar helices are conductively coupled.

10. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the lengths of said conductive elements for said first quadrifilar helix are greater than the lengths of said conductive elements for said second quadrifilar helix.

11. The antenna of claim 8, wherein said second quadrifilar helix is positioned concentrically inside said first quadrifilar helix.

12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein said frequency band within which said second quadrifilar helix is operable is greater than said frequency band within which said first quadrifilar helix is operable.

13. The antenna of claim 12, wherein said first quadrifilar helix is utilized to transmit signals during a satellite mode of operation.

14. The antenna of claim 12, wherein said second quadrifilar helix is utilized to receive signals during a satellite mode of operation.

15. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the radius of said first quadrifilar helix is greater than the radius of said second quadrifilar helix.

16. The antenna of claim 8, wherein one of said first and second quadrifilar helices is fed with a different circular mode so that said antenna is operable in a monopole mode within a third frequency band.

17. The antenna of claim 8, wherein one of said first and second quadrifilar helices is fed with a different circular mode and the other of said helices acts as a parasitic element so that said antenna is operable in a monopole mode within a third frequency band.

18. The antenna of claim 17, wherein said conductive elements of said driven quadrifilar helix are fed in phase.

19. The antenna of claim 8, said quadrature feed network further comprising a balanced 90°

branchline coupler connected to said first and second quadrifilar helices.

20. The antenna of claim 8, said first and second quadrifilar helices further comprising a dielectric film with a metallized pattern formed on each side thereof, said film being wrapped and fixed in a cylindrical shape.

21. The antenna of claim 8, said quadrature feed network further comprising a third feedpoint for a third frequency band.

22. The antenna of claim 1, said quadrature feed network further comprising a dummy load across said second feedpoint to terminate the balancing of said coupling element thereacross when a signal is provided to said first feedpoint.

23. The antenna of claim 1, said quadrature feed network further comprising a short circuit across said first and second feedpoints to create an unbalanced condition for said coupling element when a signal is provided to said second feedpoint.

24. An antenna for transmitting and receiving signals within a first frequency band and a second frequency band, comprising:

(a) a flexible sheet of film having a first side and a second side;

(b) a first metallized pattern formed on said first side of said film sheet including a plurality of spiral arms connected to a coupler; and

(c) a second metallized pattern formed on said second side of said film sheet including a plurality of spiral arms connected to a coupler;

wherein said film sheet is formed into a cylindrical tube having a longitudinal axis therethrough so that a first coaxial quadrifilar helix is constructed by said spiral arms of said first metallized pattern and a second coaxial quadrifilar helix is constructed by said spiral arms of said second metallized pattern, said first and second quadrifilar helices being wound in opposite directions with respect to said longitudinal axis to avoid electromagnetic coupling therebetween.

25. The antenna of claim 24, wherein said first and second quadrifilar helices are conductively coupled to provide opposite sense circular polarization in said first and second frequency bands.

26. The antenna of claim 24, wherein said film sheet is made of a dielectric material.

27. The antenna of claim 24, wherein the lengths of said spiral arms of said first quadrifilar helix are greater than the lengths of said spiral arms of said second quadrifilar helix.

28. The antenna of claim 24, wherein said second quadrifilar helix is positioned concentrically inside said first quadrifilar helix.

29. The antenna of claim 28, wherein said first quadrifilar helix is utilized to transmit signals during a satellite mode of operation.

30. The antenna of claim 28, wherein said second quadrifilar helix is utilized to receive signals during a satellite mode of operation.

31. The antenna of claim 24, wherein the radius of said first quadrifilar helix is greater than the radius of said second quadrifilar helix.

32. The antenna of claim 24, wherein one of said first and second quadrifilar helices is fed with a different circular mode so that said antenna is operable in a monopole mode within a designated frequency band.

33. The antenna of claim 24, further comprising a quadrature feed network connected to said first and second quadrifilar helices.

34. In a portable phone having RF circuitry contained within a main housing for operating said portable phone in both cellular and satellite modes, an antenna assembly comprising:

(a) a base member connected to a top portion of said portable phone main housing; and

(b) a radome member rotatably connected to said base member, said radome member containing a printed antenna therein which is able to transmit and receive signals in said cellular and satellite modes of operation.

35. The antenna assembly of claim 34, further comprising a hinge member connected to said radome member which is rotatably engaged to said base member, wherein said radome member is rotatable about an axis between a first position adjacent a side surface of said main housing and a second position.

36. The antenna assembly of claim 35, further comprising an elbow member connected to said hinge member at a first end and connected to said radome member at a second end.

37. The antenna assembly of claim 36, wherein said radome member is oriented substantially perpendicular to said hinge member.

38. The antenna assembly of claim 36, wherein said antenna assembly is substantially L-shaped.

39. The antenna assembly of claim 36, further comprising a plurality of coaxial cables connected to said printed antenna in said radome member at one end and to corresponding connectors located on said main housing at a second end, wherein said printed antenna is connected to said RF circuitry.

40. The antenna assembly of claim 39, said coaxial cables being positioned through said radome member, said elbow member, said hinge member and said base member.

41. The antenna assembly of claim 36, said elbow member further comprising an access opening therein and an access cap removably mounted thereto.

42. The antenna assembly of claim 35, wherein said radome member is located at said first position during off and standby modes of said portable phone.

43. The antenna assembly of claim 35, wherein said radome member is located at said second position during transmission and reception of signals.

44. The antenna assembly of claim 35, said axis of rotation for said antenna assembly being oriented substantially parallel to a top surface of said main housing.

45. The antenna assembly of claim 34, wherein said base member is detachably mounted to said main housing of said portable phone.

46. The antenna assembly of claim 34, wherein said radome member is shaped substantially as a cylindrical tube.

47. The antenna assembly of claim 34, said printed antenna further comprising:

(a) a flexible film sheet made of dielectric material having a first side and a second side;

(b) a first metallized pattern applied to said first side of said flexible film sheet; and

(c) a second metallized pattern applied to said second side of said flexible film sheet;

wherein at least one quadrifilar helix is formed when said flexible film sheet is rolled into a cylindrical tube and positioned within said radome member.

48. The antenna assembly of claim 47, wherein said first metallized layer includes a first pair of spiral arms and said second metallized layer includes a second pair of spiral arms oriented so as to form a quadrifilar helix.

49. The antenna assembly of claim 48, wherein said first and second pairs of spiral arms have a length substantially equivalent to a quarter wavelength of a desired frequency of operation.

50. The antenna assembly of claim 48, wherein said first and second pairs of spiral arms have a length substantially equivalent to a three-quarter wavelength of a desired frequency of operation.

51. The antenna assembly of claim 48, further comprising a coupler connected to said printed antenna, wherein said printed antenna has a circular polarization when said coupler is balanced and said printed antenna has a linear polarization when said coupler is unbalanced.

52. The antenna assembly of claim 51, said coupler further comprising a first port for said quadrifilar helix when in a circular polarization mode and a second port for said quadrifilar helix when in a linear polarization mode.

53. The antenna assembly of claim 52, said coupler further comprising a dummy load connected to said second port of said coupler so as to terminate the balanced mode of said coupler at said second port.

54. The antenna assembly of claim 52, further comprising a short circuit between said first and second metallized layers of said printed antenna, said short circuit acting as a feedpoint for said printed antenna when said coupler is in said unbalanced mode.

55. The antenna assembly of claim 47, wherein said first metallized layer includes a first set of spiral arms to form a first quadrifilar helix of a first designated radius and said second metallized layer includes a second set of spiral arms to form a second quadrifilar helix of a second designated radius.

56. The antenna assembly of claim 55, wherein said spiral arms of said first quadrifilar helix have a length greater than said spiral arms of said second quadrifilar helix.

57. The antenna assembly of claim 55, wherein said spiral arms of said first quadrifilar helix are wound in an opposite direction from said spiral arms of said second quadrifilar helix with respect to a longitudinal axis of said cylinder tube.

58. The antenna assembly of claim 55, wherein the radius of said first quadrifilar helix is greater than the radius of said second quadrifilar helix.

59. The antenna assembly of claim 55, wherein said spiral arms of said first quadrifilar helix do not touch said spiral arms of said second quadrifilar helix where they cross.

60. The antenna assembly of claim 55, said first and second metallized patterns further comprising a balanced quadrature branch-line coupler connecting said printed antenna to a plurality of coaxial cables, wherein a spiral arm from each of said first and second quadrifilar helices is connected to each leg of said coupler.

61. The antenna assembly of claim 60, said printed antenna further comprising a plurality of plated vias in said flexible film sheet so that a spiral arm of said first and second metallized patterns connected to a leg of said coupler is able to branch off, extend through one of said plated vias, and provide a spiral arm on the opposite metallized pattern.

62. The antenna assembly of claim 60, said coupler providing a first port for said first quadrifilar helix and a second port for said second quadrifilar helix.

63. The antenna assembly of claim 62, further comprising an open circuit in one of said first and second coupler ports so that said printed antenna operates with a linear polarization when a frequency is provided thereto.

64. The antenna assembly of claim 63, wherein the quadrifilar helix associated with the coupler port in which said open circuit is not provided acts as a parasitic element.

65. The antenna assembly of claim 60, wherein said printed antenna operates with a circular polarization when said coupler is in a balanced mode.

66. The antenna assembly of claim 60, wherein said printed antenna operates with a linear polarization when said coupler is in an unbalanced mode.

67. The antenna assembly of claim 55, wherein said first quadrifilar helix is adapted for a signal frequency less than said second quadrifilar helix.

68. A quadrifilar helix antenna, comprising:

(a) a flexible sheet of dielectric film;

(b) a first pair and a second pair of conductive arms printed upon said flexible sheet of dielectric film in such manner that said conductive arms form a quadrifilar helix when said flexible sheet is rolled into a cylindrical tube; and

(c) a balanced 90°

branch line coupler printed on said flexible sheet of dielectric film, wherein said coupler is able to provide two balanced output signals in phase quadrature relative to each other, said coupler further comprising;

(1) a first output port connected to said first pair of conductive arms, said first output port having a first terminal for providing an in-phase portion of a first output signal to one of said first pair of conductive arms and a second terminal for providing an anti-phase portion of said first output signal to the other of said first pair of conductive arms;

(2) a second output port connected to said second pair of conductive arms, said second output port having a first terminal for providing an in-phase portion of a second output signal to one of said second pair of conductive arms and a second terminal for providing an anti-phase portion of said second output signal to the other of said second pair of conductive arms; and

(3) at least one input port for receiving an input signal and splitting said input signal between said first and second pairs of conductive arms in relative phase progression so as to be radiated with circular wave polarization.

69. The quadrifilar helix antenna of claim 68, wherein said first pair of conductive arms are in diametrically opposed relation and said second pair of arms are in diametrically opposed relation.

70. The quadrifilar helix antenna of claim 69, wherein said first pair of conductive arms and said second pair of conductive arms are interposed at approximately 90°

with respect to each other.

71. The quadrifilar helix antenna of claim 68, wherein one of said first pair and one of said second pair of conductive arms is positioned on a first surface of said flexible sheet and the other of said first and second pairs of conductive arms is positioned on a second surface of said flexible sheet.

72. The quadrifilar helix antenna of claim 68, wherein said coupler has a second input port which is unbalanced so that an input signal provided thereto is split between said conductive arms in a manner so as to be radiated with a linear wave polarization.