Method for managing simultaneous display of multiple windows in a graphical user interface

• US 6,025,841 A
• Filed: 07/15/1997
• Issued: 02/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Finkelstein, Erich Soren, Hobson, Samuel David, Klein, Adrian, Waldman, Benjamin
• Primary Examiner(s): Bayerl, Raymond J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Thai, Cuong T
• Application Number:
  US08/892,771
• Time in Patent Office: 945 Days
• Field of Search: 345/340, 345/344, 345/345, 345/342, 345/346, 345/336, 345/338, 345/356
• US Class Current: 715/803
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0481 based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/451 Execution arrangements for user interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/14 Display of multiple viewports

Abstract

A method for managing simultaneous display of multiple windows in a graphical user interface (GUI). A computer system with a display and user interface input device displays a primary or container window on the display, comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands associated with a first computer process. The system displays a target window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands associated with a different computer process. The target window is typically displayed in a higher z-order relative to the primary window to maintain it on top. In response to a predetermined triggering condition, the target window is manipulated by movement, temporary disappearance, and/or size reduction, while maintaining the relative z-order of the target window relative to the primary window and away from a predetermined avoidance region associated with the first computer process. The target window can be moved away a minimal distance, biased in a predetermined direction, or positioned at anchor points relative to the container window to avoid obscuring the avoidance region.

Claims

1. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display and a user interface input device, a method for displaying a target window relative to a primary window, comprising the steps of:

displaying a primary window within a single region the display, the primary window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands;

displaying a target window within a single region on the display, the target window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands, the target window being displayed in a higher z-order than the primary window; and

in response to a predetermined trigger condition, automatically performing a target window manipulation comprising moving the target window within the single region while maintaining the target window in a z-order higher than the primary window.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary window comprises an active window of a computer application program, and wherein the target window displays a help character associated with a help function associated with the computer application program.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the target window comprises an assistant associated with a suite of application programs.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target window manipulation comprises the operation of moving the target window on the display away from an area in the primary window that received a triggering stimulus provided by the user interface input device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the target window manipulation comprises the operation of temporarily hiding the target window on the display.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined trigger condition is selected from the group comprising:

(1) selection of items of information in the primary window with the user interface input device, wherein the target window obscures any part of the selected items of information;

(2) movement of an insertion point (IP) associated with a computer application program to a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

(3) display of text in an application program in the primary window such that the target window obscures a line wrapped "from" or a line wrapped "to";

(4) the target window obscures display of a page number in an application program in the primary window;

(5) the target window obscures display of a header window or a footer window in an application program in the primary window;

(6) the target window obscures display of an annotation pane in an application program in the primary window;

(7) the target window obscures display of a footnote pane in an application program in the primary window;

(8) the target window obscures display of a dialog box in the primary window;

(9) during a user drag operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

or

(10) during a user resizing operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the target window manipulation comprises the step of moving the target window automatically in accordance with a predetermined biasing function.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined biasing function comprises moving the target window a minimal distance in a selected direction.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the minimal distance is a distance sufficient such that the target window does not obscure a predetermined avoidance region of the primary window, and wherein the direction of movement of the target window is selected in the direction of the minimum distance movement required such that the target window does not overlap the avoidance region.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the target window manipulation comprises the step of moving the target window in accordance with a predetermined avoidance function comprising the steps:

defining a container area on the display, the container area comprising a predetermined area within which the target window is allowed to move;

defining a boundary region relative to the target window, the boundary region comprising an undisplayed region of a predetermined size extending outwardly from the displayed area of the target window;

in response to a user operation with the user interface input device relative to the display, defining an avoidance region in the container area, the avoidance region comprising a predetermined region defined by a user avoidance region defining operation within which the target region is not to be displayed;

in response to the predetermined trigger condition, moving the target window to an area in the container area such that neither the boundary region nor the target window obscures the avoidance region.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the user avoidance region defining operation comprises a dragging operation and wherein the avoidance region is rectangular.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of moving the target window a minimal distance in accordance with the predetermined avoidance function.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of moving the target window a minimal distance comprises moving the target window in a predetermined direction such that the boundary region is outside the avoidance region by a predetermined distance.

14. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display and a user interface input device, a method of communicating between a first computer process and a second computer process, the first computer process causing display of a primary window on the display and being operative to receive user commands via the user interface input device, the second computer process operative for displaying a target window on the display and being operative to receive user commands via the user interface input device, comprising the steps of:

in the first computer process, defining a container region for display of the primary window, the container region comprising a predetermined area on the display within which the target window may be displayed;

in the first computer process, defining an avoidance region in the primary window, the avoidance region comprising a predetermined area on the display which the target window is to avoid in any movement operations; and

in response to a predetermined trigger condition, passing parameters associated with the container region and with the avoidance region to a target window motion function associated with the second computer process.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the primary window comprises an active window of a computer application program, and wherein the target window displays a help character associated with a help function associated with the computer application program.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the target window comprises an animated assistant associated with a suite of application programs.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the target window is maintained in a higher z-order than the primary window, and wherein the target window motion function is operative for moving the target window on the display away from an area in the primary window that received a triggering stimulus provided by the user interface input device, the triggering stimulus being associated with the predetermined trigger condition.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the target window motion function is operative for temporarily hiding the target window on the display.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the predetermined trigger condition is selected from the group comprising:

(1) selection of items of information in the primary window with the user interface input device, wherein the target window obscures any part of the selected items of information;

(2) movement of an insertion point (IP) associated with a computer application program to a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

(3) display of text in an application program in the primary window such that the target window obscures a line wrapped "from" or a line wrapped "to";

(4) the target window obscures display of a page number in an application program in the primary window;

(5) the target window obscures display of a header window or a footer window in an application program in the primary window;

(6) the target window obscures display of an annotation pane in an application program in the primary window;

(7) the target window obscures display of a footnote pane in an application program in the primary window;

(8) the target window obscures display of a dialog box in the primary window;

(9) during a user drag operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

or (10) during a user resizing operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the target window is maintained in a higher z-order than the primary window, and wherein the target window motion function is operative for moving the target window in accordance with a predetermined biasing function.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the predetermined biasing function comprises moving the target window a minimal distance in a predetermined direction.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the minimal distance is a distance sufficient such that the target window does not obscure a predetermined avoidance region of the primary window, and wherein the direction of movement of the target window is selected in the direction of the minimum distance movement required such that the target window does not overlap the avoidance region.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined biasing function compromises the steps:

determining the movement distance required to move the target region up, down, left, and right on the display screen so that the target window does not overlap the avoidance region;

applying a biasing factor to at least one movement distance associated with a selected direction of movement to obtain at least one biased movement distance;

determining a set comprising the movement distances and at least one biased movement distance;

selecting a minimum movement distance from the set of movement distances and the at least one biased movement distance; and

redrawing the target window on the display at a location associated with the minimum movement distance.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the minimum movement distance is a distance greater than a predetermined boundary distance from the avoidance region.

25. The method of claim 14, further comprising the steps of:

defining a plurality of predetermined anchor points on the display, the each anchor point defining a different predetermined fixed location on the display;

maintaining a move count of the number of times that the target window has been moved within a predetermined time period;

in response to the trigger condition and to the move count exceeding a predetermined value, calculating the distance from a predetermined reference point associated with the target window to each anchor point;

selecting which of the plurality of anchor points is closest to the reference point; and

redrawing the target window on the display at a location associated with the selected anchor point.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising the steps of:

calculating the overlap of the target window relative to the avoidance region at a first proposed resting position associated with a first anchor point;

calculating the overlap of the target window relative to the avoidance region at a second proposed resting position associated with a second anchor point; and

selecting the first or the second proposed resting position as the position for redrawing the target window, whichever is associated with the minimum overlap.

27. The method of claim 14, wherein the target window avoidance region is defined in response to a user avoidance region defining operation with the user interface input device, and wherein the predetermined avoidance function comprises the steps:

defining a boundary region relative to the target window, the boundary region comprising an undisplayed region of a predetermined size extending outwardly from the displayed region of the target window; and

in response to the predetermined trigger condition, moving the target window to an area in the container area such that neither the boundary region nor the target window obscures the avoidance region.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the user avoidance region defining operation comprises a dragging operation and wherein the avoidance region is rectangular.

29. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of moving the target window a minimal distance comprises moving the target window in a predetermined direction such that the boundary region is outside the avoidance region by a predetermined distance.

30. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display and a user interface input device, a method for displaying a target window relative to a primary window, comprising the steps of:

displaying a primary window on the display, the primary window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands;

displaying a target window on the display, the target window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands, the target window being displayed in a higher z-order relative to the primary window; and

defining a container area on the display, the container area comprising a predetermined area within which the target window is allowed to move;

defining a boundary region relative to the target window, the boundary region comprising an undisplayed region of a predetermined size extending outwardly from the displayed area of the target window;

in response to a user operation with the user interface input device relative to the display, defining an avoidance region in the container area, the avoidance region comprising a predetermined region defined by a user avoidance region defining operation within which the target region is not to be displayed; and

in response to a predetermined trigger condition, moving the target window to an area in the container area such that neither the boundary region nor the target window obscures the avoidance region.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the user avoidance region defining operation comprises a dragging operation and wherein the avoidance region is rectangular.

32. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of moving the target window in accordance with a predetermined biasing function.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the predetermined biasing function comprises the steps:

determining a minimal distance movement associated with movement of the target window in a predetermined direction such that the target window avoids the avoidance region; and

redrawing the target window on the display at a location associated with the minimal distance movement.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the predetermined biasing function comprises the steps:

determining the movement distance required to move the target region up, down, left, and right on the display screen so that the target window does not overlap the avoidance region;

applying a biasing factor to at least one movement distance associated with a selected direction of movement to obtain at least one biased movement distance;

determining a set comprising the movement distances and at least one biased movement distance;

selecting a minimum movement distance from the set of movement distances and the at least one biased movement distance; and

redrawing the target window on the display at a location associated with the minimum movement distance.

35. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display and a user interface input device, a method for displaying a target window relative to a primary window, comprising the steps of:

displaying a primary window on the display, the primary window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands;

displaying a target window on the display, the target window comprising a predetermined region for displaying information and/or receiving user commands, the target window being displayed in a higher z-order relative to the primary window;

defining a container area on the display, the container area comprising a predetermined area within which the target window is allowed to move;

defining a plurality of predetermined anchor points on the display, the each anchor point defining a different predetermined fixed location on the display;

in response to a user operation with the user interface input device relative to the display, defining an avoidance region in the container area, the avoidance region comprising a predetermined region defined by a user avoidance region defining operation within which the target region should not be displayed;

determining whether the target window can be redrawn displaced a predetermined minimal distance away from the avoidance region;

in response to a determination that the target window can be redrawn displaced a predetermined minimal distance away from the avoidance region without overlapping the avoidance region, redrawing the target window at a location displaced a predetermined minimal distance away from the avoidance region in a selected direction of movement;

in response to a determination that the target window cannot be redrawn displaced a predetermined minimal distance away from the avoidance region without overlapping the avoidance region, determining the amount of overlap of the target window with the avoidance region at each of the plurality of anchor points;

selecting the particular anchor point that results in minimized overlap of the target window with the avoidance region; and

redrawing the target window at a location associated with the particular anchor point that results in minimized overlap of the target window with the avoidance region.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the predetermined trigger condition is selected from the group comprising:

(1) selection of items of information in the primary window with the user interface input device, wherein the target window obscures any part of the selected items of information;

(2) movement of an insertion point (IP) associated with a computer application program to a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

(3) display of text in an application program in the primary window such that the target window obscures a line wrapped "from" or a line wrapped "to";

(4) the target window obscures display of a page number in an application program in the primary window;

(5) the target window obscures display of a header window or a footer window in an application program in the primary window;

(6) the target window obscures display of an annotation pane in an application program in the primary window;

(7) the target window obscures display of a footnote pane in an application program in the primary window;

(8) the target window obscures display of a dialog box in the primary window;

(9) during a user drag operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window;

or

(10) during a user resizing operation with the user interface input device in the primary window, the cursor is moved to within a predetermined boundary region associated with the target window.