Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with an intracavity quantum-well optical absorber

• US 6,026,108 A
• Filed: 05/01/1998
• Issued: 02/15/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology, Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Chang-Hasnain, Connie J., Hudgings, Janice A., Lim, Sui F., Lau, Kam-Yin
• Primary Examiner(s): Healy, Brian
• Application Number:
  US09/071,653
• Time in Patent Office: 655 Days
• Field of Search: 372/50, 372/28, 372/43, 372/44, 372/45, 372/46, 372/96, 372/92
• US Class Current: 372/50.11
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 3/026 based on laser effects
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0264 for monitoring the laser-output
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/04252 characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/04257 having positive and negative electrodes on the same side of the substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0601 comprising an absorbing region H01S5/0604, H01S5/0607, H01S5/0615 and H01S5/065 take precedence; bistable laser devices in general G02F3/026
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0658 Self-pulsating
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0683 by monitoring the optical output parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18302 comprising an integrated optical modulator
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18308 having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18311 using selective oxidation
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18316 Airgap confined
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18325 Between active layer and substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/2063 obtained by particle bombardment

Abstract

A laser comprises a first contact to receive an active region control signal, a second contact to receive an optical absorber control signal, and a sandwich of distributed Bragg reflector mirror stacks. Each distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack has an alternate doping with respect to an adjacent distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack. An active region is positioned in the sandwich to provide optical gain in response to the active region control signal. An optical absorber is positioned in the sandwich. The optical absorber has wavelength dependent absorption in response to the optical absorber control signal. The device of the invention may be utilized as an integrated detector, a self-pulsating laser, a high speed intracavity modulator, or an optical pick-up device.

Claims

1. A laser, comprising:

a first contact to receive an active region control signal;

a second contact to receive an optical absorber control signal;

a sandwich of distributed Bragg reflector mirror stacks, each distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack having an alternate doping with respect to an adjacent distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack;

an active region positioned in said sandwich to provide optical gain in response to said active region control signal; and

an optical absorber positioned in said sandwich, said optical absorber having wavelength dependent absorption responsive to said optical absorber control signal, thereby selectively producing negative differential resistance in said optical absorber.

2. The laser of claim 1 wherein said negative differential resistance induces self-pulsation.

3. The laser of claim 1 wherein said optical absorber comprises a spacer containing at least one quantum well placed at a peak of the optical field intensity at the Fabry-Perot wavelength of said laser.

4. The laser of claim 1 wherein said optical absorber is positioned in a layer that is at least three-quarters of a wavelength thick.

5. The laser of claim 1 wherein said optical absorber has an absorption edge positioned so that at zero applied bias, the Fabry-Perot wavelength of said laser is longer than the absorption edge wavelength.

6. The laser of claim 1 wherein said optical absorber is controlled by a grounded node and a bias-T circuit node.

7. The laser of claim 6 further comprising a bias-T circuit connected to said bias-T circuit node, said bias-T circuit comprising:

a first branch with a capacitor in series with a resistor to provide a path for a generated AC signal, and

a second branch with an inductor in series with a potentiometer and a DC voltage source.

8. The laser of claim 7 wherein said potentiometer and DC voltage source are adjusted so that the load line for the quantum-well modulator junction is tangent to a region of negative differential resistance.

9. The laser of claim 1 wherein said optical absorber is responsive to said optical absorber control signal, which selectively produces bistable operation within said optical absorber, which allows said laser to operate as an optical pick-up device.

10. The laser of claim 9 wherein said optical pick-up device includes a control circuit with a capacitor and an inductor in parallel with said optical absorber.

11. The laser of claim 10 wherein said control circuit includes a first resistive load and a DC voltage source in series with said inductor.

12. The laser of claim 11 wherein said control circuit includes a second resistive load in series with said optical absorber.

13. A laser, comprising:

a first contact to receive an active region control signal;

a second contact to receive an optical absorber control signal;

a sandwich of distributed Bragg reflector mirror stacks, each distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack having an alternate doping with respect to an adjacent distributed Bragg reflector mirror stack;

an active region positioned in said sandwich to provide optical gain in response to said active region control signal; and

an optical absorber positioned in said sandwich, said optical absorber producing an optical absorber band edge (λ

_abs) that is less than the Fabry-Perot wavelength (λ

_FP) to produce negative differential resistance in said optical absorber.

14. The laser of claim 13 wherein said optical absorber is responsive to said optical absorber control signal, which produces bistable operation of said optical absorber to facilitate optical pick-up.

15. The laser of claim 14 further comprising a control circuit with a capacitor and an inductor in parallel with said optical absorber.

16. The laser of claim 15 wherein said control circuit includes a first resistive load and a DC voltage source in series with said inductor.

17. The laser of claim 16 wherein said control circuit includes a second resistive load in series with said optical absorber.

18. The laser of claim 13 wherein said optical absorber is responsive to said optical absorber control signal, which produces self-pulsation of said optical absorber.

19. The laser of claim 18 wherein said optical absorber is controlled by a grounded node and a bias-T circuit node.

20. The laser of claim 19 further comprising a bias-T circuit connected to said bias-T circuit node, said bias-T circuit comprising:

a first branch with a capacitor in series with a resistor to provide a path for a generated AC signal; and

a second branch with an inductor in series with a potentiometer and a DC voltage source.