Code-space optical electronic distance meter

• US 6,031,601 A
• Filed: 07/08/1998
• Issued: 02/29/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Trimble Navigation Limited (Trimble Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Trimble Navigation Limited (Trimble Inc.)
• Inventors: McCusker, Michael V., Raby, Peter, Sorden, James L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Buczinski, Stephen C.
• Application Number:
  US09/112,022
• Time in Patent Office: 601 Days
• Field of Search: 356/5.01, 356/5.1, 356/5.05, 356/5.15, 342/145
• US Class Current: 356/5.01
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 15/00 Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/32 using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/48 Active triangulation systems, i.e. using the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

Abstract

An electronic distance meter comprises an integrated circuit from a GPS navigation receiver having a local pseudo-random number code generator for code demodulation that is connected to modulate either a polychromatic or a monochromatic light source. An optical system focuses the light on a distant target with an unknown range. Reflections from the distant target are focused on a light detector that produces a phase-delayed copy of the original pseudo-random number code. The time-of-flight to and back from the distant target is a function of the distance. The GPS receiver integrated circuit computes the range based on the code-phase delay to a precision better than one centimeter. The position of a remote target can be triangulated from several electronic distance meters each having known positions, e.g., determined by included GPS navigation receivers. Conversely, the position of a single electronic distance meter can be determined by triangulation by ranging to several remote targets each having known positions.

Claims

1. An electronic distance meter (EDM), comprising:

a first light emitter providing for the illumination of a first distant target with a first beam of light;

a first light detector providing for the reception and detection of light reflected from said first distant target;

a satellite navigation receiver connected to provide a one-pulse-per-second (1-PPS) output for a derivative clock synchronized to an atomic clock in conventional orbiting global positioning system (GPS) satellites, and outputting a precision timing base;

a first modulator connected to the first light emitter providing for modulation of said first beam of light with a first pseudo-random number (PRN) modulation signal having a first characteristic PRN code sequence; and

a first digital signal processor (DSP) connected to receive both said precision timing base and a first detected-light input signal from the first light detector and having range computer means for code correlation and code-phase locking onto said first detected-light input signal and for determining a first distance to said first target based on the difference in phase of said first detected-light input signal and said first PRN modulation signal, given the speed of light through an interim medium to said target object;

wherein, the first modulator drives the first light emitter according to a pseudo-random number (PRN) code sequence that mimics one of the PRN codes transmitted by conventional orbiting global positioning system (GPS) satellites and includes at least one of a coarse acquisition (C/A) code having a code length of 1023 chips transmitted at a rate of 1.023 Mbits/sec., and a precision (P) code having a code length of 5¹⁰ chips transmitted at a rate of 10.23 Mbits/sec; and

wherein, the first digital signal processor (DSP) resolves a time-of-flight delay "t" to said first distant target to within tens of picoseconds.

2. The EDM of claim 1, further comprising:

an automatic gain control (AGC) connected to receive a sample of the magnitude of said first detected-light input signal and connected to control an output level of the first light emitter and providing for a constant level of said first detected-light input signal.

3. The EDM of claim 1, further comprising:

a first lens disposed in said first beam of light for focusing on said first distant target;

a color filter disposed in said first beam of light for narrowing the bandwidth of said first beam of light;

a second lens disposed in front of the first photodetector for collecting said reflected light from said first distant target; and

a color filter disposed between the first photodetector and said first distant target and providing for the selection of said first beam of light and the exclusion of other light.

4. The EDM of claim 1, further comprising:

a second light emitter providing for the illumination of a second distant target with a second beam of light;

a second light detector providing for the reception and detection of light reflected from said second distant target;

a second modulator connected to the second light emitter providing for amplitude modulation of said second beam of light with a second pseudo-random number (PRN) modulation signal having a second characteristic PRN code sequence that is different from said first; and

a second digital signal processor (DSP) connected to provide said PRN code sequence to the modulator and connected to receive a second detected-light input signal from the second light detector and having range computer means for code correlation and code-phase locking onto said second detected-light input signal and for determining a second distance to said second target based on the difference in phase of said second detected-light input signal and said second PRN modulation signal, given the speed of light through an interim medium to said target object.

5. The EDM of claim 1, wherein:

the first light emitter, first light detector, first modulator, and first digital signal processor are all mounted on a moving vehicle and provide an operator warning of an unsafe distance to said first distant target.

6. An electronic distance meter (EDM), comprising:

a laser light source for directing an incident beam of light on a reflective target;

an optical detector for detecting any reflected light that may be returned from said reflective target;

a laser-light modulator connected to impress a pseudo-random number (PRN) sequence on said incident beam of light using a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) method;

a DSSS despreader and correlator for detecting said PRN sequence in said reflected light and for determining an amount of PRN code phase delay that occurred during a round-trip to said reflective target;

a precision reference clock used to pace said PRN sequence and to measure said PRN code phase delay; and

a satellite navigation receiver connected to discipline the precision reference clock, wherein a basic measurement accuracy of said PRN code phase delay is based on atomic clocks in orbiting navigation satellites.