Method for enhancing and separating biopotential signals
First Claim
1. A method of uncoupling and enhancing near-field and far-field biopotential signals using an electrode array including one pair of closely positioned electrode elements, at least one other electrode element widely spaced from said pair of closely positioned elements and a ground element, said method comprising the steps of:
- collecting two or more input signals from said electrode elements;
deriving one or more near-field dominant signals from said input signals collected through two electrodes of said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and deriving at least one far-field dominant signal from said input signals collected through two of said widely-spaced electrode elements;
creating estimates of relationships among the near-field and far-field dominant signals.
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Abstract
Disclosed is an electrode array (i.e., "sensor") and a method for separating near and far-field signals. In one embodiment a horizontal array is used, and in an alternate embodiment a vertical array is used. The electrode array consists of two well-separated pairs of closely spaced electrodes (and a separate ground element). In a typical application of collecting a channel of EEG, "sensing" electrodes are placed in standard locations (e.g., R and Ctr) with a ground electrode placed elsewhere on the head. The voltage measured between the well-separated sensing electrodes is the far-field dominant (i.e., EEG-dominant) channel. Additional electrodes are placed near each of the two sensing electrodes. (The additional electrodes are immediately lateral to the existing electrodes in the horizontal array, and are immediately above the existing electrodes in the vertical array.) The voltages measured between the pairs of closely spaced electrodes are near-field dominant (i.e., EMG/EOG-dominant) channels. The EEG, EMG and EOG signals can be enhanced by uncoupling them by combining information from all channels. The sensor is connected to a monitor via a patient interface cable (PIC). The sensor contains additional circuitry at the connection site that is used by the monitor to identify the presence and type of sensor, and to configure the monitor to invoke the appropriate software that will apply the method of the current invention to collect and uncouple the EEG, EMG and EOG.
91 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A method of uncoupling and enhancing near-field and far-field biopotential signals using an electrode array including one pair of closely positioned electrode elements, at least one other electrode element widely spaced from said pair of closely positioned elements and a ground element, said method comprising the steps of:
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collecting two or more input signals from said electrode elements; deriving one or more near-field dominant signals from said input signals collected through two electrodes of said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and deriving at least one far-field dominant signal from said input signals collected through two of said widely-spaced electrode elements; creating estimates of relationships among the near-field and far-field dominant signals. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A method of uncoupling and enhancing near-field and far-field biopotential signals using an electrode array comprising one pair of closely positioned electrode elements and at least one other electrode element widely spaced from said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and a ground element, said method comprising the steps of:
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deriving a first far-field dominant signal from one of said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and said widely spaced electrode element; deriving a second far-field dominant signal from a second electrode element of said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and said widely-spaced electrode element; deriving one near-field dominant signal by subtracting said first far-field dominant signal from said second far-field dominant signal.
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15. A method of uncoupling and enhancing near-field and far-field biopotential signals using an electrode array comprising one pair of closely positioned electrode elements, at least one other electrode element widely spaced from said pair of closely positioned electrode elements and a ground element, said method comprising the steps of:
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deriving one or more near-field dominant signals through two electrodes of said pair closely positioned electrode elements and at least one far-field dominant signal through two of said widely spaced electrode elements; determining relationships between said near-field dominant signals and said far-field dominant signals; and uncoupling near-field components from far-field components in said biopotential signals.
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16. An electrode array for acquiring electrical biopotential signals from a recording surface on a living body comprising:
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two or more electrode elements positioned in a third dimension from the recording surface; a spacer positioned between each two adjacent electrode elements for separating each electrode element from the other electrode elements. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. An electrode array for acquiring electrical biopotential signals from a recording surface on a living body comprising:
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a first electrode element and a second electrode element positioned on a single substrate, the center of said first electrode element being separated from the center of said second electrode element by no more than 2.5 inches; a third electrode element positioned on said single substrate, the center of said third electrode element being separated from the center of said first electrode element by between 2.5 inches and 12 inches.
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Specification