Bus bridge with distribution of a common cycle clock to all bridge portals to provide synchronization of local buses, and method of operation thereof

• US 6,032,261 A
• Filed: 12/30/1997
• Issued: 02/29/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Philips Electronics North America Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Philips Electronics North America Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Hulyalkar, Samir N.
• Primary Examiner(s): THAI, XUAN MARIAN
• Application Number:
  US09/000,672
• Time in Patent Office: 791 Days
• Field of Search: 710/129, 710/131, 713/400, 713/500, 713/501, 713/502, 713/600
• US Class Current: 713/400
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/10 Distribution of clock signals , e.g. skew
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0652 Synchronisation among time division multiple access [TDMA] nodes, e.g. time triggered protocol [TTP] bus network with centralized control in which slots are of a TDMA packet structure H04L12/4035
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40052 High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus bus transfer protocol on a daisy chain bus using an embedded synchronisation G06F13/426
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40058 Isochronous transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40091 Bus bridging LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone H04L12/462; single bridge functionality H04L12/462

Abstract

A bus bridge for interconnecting a plurality of buses, which bridge includes a plurality of bridge portals, each portal being coupled to a respective one of the buses, and further includes a plurality of switching subsystems, each of which is coupled to a respective one of the bridge portals. The plurality of switching subsystems collectively constitute a switching system which interconnects the plurality of bridge portals. The bus bridge further includes a plurality of cycle clock subsystems, each of which is operatively associated with a respective bridge portal and the respective switching subsystem coupled thereto. Each cycle clock subsystem includes a cycle clock generator which generates a cycle clock, and a cycle counter which receives the cycle clock at a reset input thereof and produces a cycle count output which constitutes a common timing reference for the respective switching subsystem and the respective bridge portal. The bus bridge is preferably an IEEE 1394 serial bus bridge. Various specific implementations of the switching subsystems and bridge portals are disclosed.

Claims

1. A bus bridge for interconnecting a plurality of buses, comprising:

a plurality of bridge portals, each bridge portal being coupled to a respective one of the buses;

a plurality of switching subsystems, each coupled to a respective one of the bridge portals and which collectively form a switching system which interconnects the plurality of bridge portals; and

a plurality of cycle clock subsystems, each operatively associated with a respective one of the bridge portals and the respective switching subsystem coupled to the associated bridge portal;

wherein each cycle clock subsystem comprises;

a cycle clock generator for generating a cycle clock; and

a cycle counter which receives the cycle clock at a reset input thereof, and which produces a cycle count output which constitutes a common timing reference for the respective switching subsystem and the respective bridge portal;

and further wherein the cycle count output generated in one of said subsystems is distributed to the cycle counters of all other of said subsystems to provide a common timing reference for the bridge portals of all of said buses, the bridge portal associated with said one subsystem being a cycle monster portal.

2. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the switching subsystems is a wireless switching subsystem and the switching system is a wireless switching system.

3. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 2, wherein the wireless switching system utilizes a frame synchronization protocol.

4. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the switching subsystems is a wired subsystem and the switching system is a wired switching system.

5. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the bus bridge is a serial bus bridge;

each of the buses is a serial local bus; and

,

each of the bridge portals is a node on its respective serial local bus.

6. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein:

the bus bridge is an IEEE 1394 serial bus bridge;

each of the buses is an IEEE 1394 serial local bus; and

,

each of the bridge portals is an IEEE 1394 serial bus bridge portal.

7. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cycle monster portal is also a cycle master for all portals of the bus to which the cycle monster portal is coupled.

8. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching subsystems and the switching system utilize a frame synchronization protocol.

9. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching subsystem coupled to the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo W μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every W μ

s in response thereto, where W is a frame time specified by the frame synchronization protocol;

a state machine which produces an enable signal in response to the timing signal; and

,

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time.

10. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 9, wherein the cycle monster portal includes:

a physical layer which receives the cycle_-- start packet from its respective switching subsystem;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum is loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

11. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 10, wherein each of the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo N μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every N μ

s in response thereto, where N is a value specified by a prescribed bus protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to the channel available signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the respective wireless switching subsystem.

12. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 11, wherein each of the wireless switching subsystems coupled to the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portals includes:

a wireless physical layer which receives a cycle_-- start packet from its respective bridge portal;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus time;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum is loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

13. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the switching subsystems is a wireless switching subsystem and the switching system is a wireless switching system which utilizes a frame synchronization protocol.

14. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 13, wherein the wireless switching subsystem coupled to the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo W μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every W μ

s, where W is a frame time specified by the frame synchronization protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a wireless physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to the channel available signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the wireless switching subsystem.

15. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 14, wherein the cycle monster portal includes:

a physical layer which receives the cycle_-- start packet from its respective switching subsystem;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum is loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

16. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 15, wherein each of the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo N μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every N μ

s in response thereto, where N is a value specified by a prescribed bus protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to the channel available signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the respective wireless switching subsystem.

17. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 16, wherein each of the wireless switching subsystems coupled to the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portals includes:

a wireless physical layer which receives a cycle_-- start packet from its respective bridge portal;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum is loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

18. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 13, wherein the wireless switching subsystem coupled to the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo W μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a first timing signal every W μ

s, where W is a frame time specified by the frame synchronization protocol;

a first state machine which produces a first channel request signal in response to the first timing signal;

a wireless physical layer which receives the first channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a first channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the first state machine receives the first channel available signal and produces a first packet header and a first enable signal in response to the first channel available signal;

a first register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the first enable signal, whereby the first register outputs a first bus_-- time data block in response to the first enable signal, the first bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the first packet header and the first bus_-- time data block together comprise a first cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the wireless switching subsystem.

19. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 13, wherein the wireless switching subsystem coupled to the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo W μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every W μ

s, where W is a frame time specified by the frame synchronization protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a comparison circuit which compares prescribed lower significant bits of the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem to a preset value, and which outputs a trigger signal upon detecting an equality;

a wireless physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to receipt of both the channel available signal and the trigger signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the respective wireless switching subsystem.

20. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 19, wherein each of the switching subsystems coupled to the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portal include:

a physical layer which receives the cycle_-- start packet from its respective bridge portal;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

a preset value circuit which stores and outputs the preset value;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum and the preset value are loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

21. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo N μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a second timing signal every N μ

s in response thereto, where N is a value specified by a prescribed bus protocol;

a second state machine which produces a second enable signal in response to the second timing signal; and

,

a second register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the second enable signal, whereby the second register outputs a second bus_-- time data block in response to the second enable signal, the second bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time.

22. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 21, wherein each of the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo N μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every N μ

s in response thereto, where N is a value specified by a prescribed bus protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a wireless communication channel used by the wireless switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to the channel available signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the respective wireless switching subsystem.

23. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 22, wherein each of the wireless switching subsystems coupled to the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portals includes:

a wireless physical layer which receives a cycle_-- start packet from its respective bridge portal;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum is loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

24. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching subsystem coupled to the cycle monster portal includes:

a modulo W μ

s counter which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and which produces a timing signal every W μ

s, where W is a frame time specified by the frame synchronization protocol;

a state machine which produces a channel request signal in response to the timing signal;

a comparison circuit which compares prescribed lower significant bits of the cycle counter output to a preset value, and which outputs a trigger signal upon detecting an equality;

a physical layer which receives the channel request signal and which produces, in response thereto, a channel available signal upon determining that a communication channel used by the switching system is available, wherein the state machine receives the channel available signal and produces a packet header and an enable signal in response to receipt of both the channel available signal and the trigger signal;

a register which has a first input which receives the cycle counter output of the respective cycle clock subsystem and a second input which receives the enable signal, whereby the register outputs a bus_-- time data block in response to the enable signal, the bus_-- time data block being indicative of a current bus time; and

,

wherein the packet header and the bus_-- time data block together comprise a cycle_-- start packet which is transmitted by the respective switching subsystem.

25. The bus bridge as set forth in claim 24, wherein each of the switching subsystems coupled to the bridge portals other than the cycle monster portal include:

a physical layer which receives the cycle_-- start packet from its respective bridge portal;

a decoding section which decodes the packet header of the cycle_-- start packet and which outputs a decode signal indicative of receipt of the cycle_-- start packet;

a processing delay section which determines a processing time required to decode the cycle_-- start packet, and which outputs a processing delay time output indicative of the determined processing time,

a delay element which delays the decode signal by the processing delay time and which outputs a load signal;

a register which receives the bus_-- time data block and which produces a register output indicative of the current bus_-- time;

a preset value circuit which stores and outputs the preset value;

an adder which sums the processing delay time output and the register output, and which outputs the sum; and

,

wherein the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem receives the load signal and the sum and the preset value are loaded into the cycle counter of the respective cycle clock subsystem in response to the load signal.

26. A method for distributing a cycle clock in a bus bridge which includes a plurality of buses and bridge portals, each bridge portal being coupled to a respective one of the buses, and which further includes a plurality of switching subsystems respectively coupled to respective ones of the bridge portals, the plurality of switching subsystems collectively forming a switching system which interconnects the plurality of bridge portals;

said method comprising the steps of;

at each bridge portal, generating a cycle clock;

at each bridge portal, using a cycle counter to produce a cycle count output; and

using the cycle count output to produce a common timing reference for both the bridge portal and the respective switching subsystem coupled thereto.

27. The method as set forth in claim 26, wherein:

the bus bridge is a serial bus bridge;

each of the buses is a serial local bus; and

,

each of the bridge portals is a node on its respective serial local bus.