Boundary tracking method and apparatus to find leads

• US 6,035,066 A
• Filed: 06/02/1995
• Issued: 03/07/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cognex Corporation
• Original Assignee: Cognex Corporation
• Inventors: Michael, David J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Johns, Andrew W.
• Application Number:
  US08/458,908
• Time in Patent Office: 1,740 Days
• Field of Search: 382/199, 382/316, 382/145, 382/170, 382/203, 382/204, 382/270, 382/286, 356/376, 356/237.3, 348/87, 348/126
• US Class Current: 382/203
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 20/004 Wire welding
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2101/36 Electric or electronic devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/20068 Projection on vertical or horizontal image axis
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30152 Solder
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/12 Edge-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/05599 Material
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/45099 Material
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48 of an individual wire connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/49171 Fan-out arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/78 Apparatus for connecting with wire connectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/78301 Capillary
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/85 using a wire connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/85399 Material
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/859 involving monitoring, e.g. feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00012 Relevant to the scope of the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00014 the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01005 Boron [B]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01006 Carbon [C]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01027 Cobalt [Co]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01033 Arsenic [As]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01082 : Lead [Pb]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/014 : Solder alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/10161 : with a rectangular active surface
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/14 : Integrated circuits

Abstract

A system to find wirebonded leads by obtaining an image of the crescent formed on a lead after wire bonding, or a difference image (taken from an image of the lead before bonding and the crescent and wire formed after bonding) to create an intermediate image having the desired rotation and registration characteristics. Using a caliper or other wire-finding tool, the invention locates the wire and generates a threshold value for a boundary tracker that will make the located wire the expected width. An alternative preferred embodiment uses the gray value of an edge of the wire as the threshold. An optional artificial boundary is created as a limit for a boundary tracker. The invention then applies a boundary tracker to the intermediate image using the threshold value generated and any artificial boundary created. It then applies a corner finder that restricts starting corner orientations and analyzes the boundary and its features to find crescent tips and extrema to obtain measurements for inspection.

Claims

1. An apparatus for finding dimensions of an object in an image, in an image processing system having a binary boundary tracker comprising:

a threshold selection tool for analyzing an element of said object, said element having known dimensions, to obtain a threshold grey value;

said binary boundary tracer coupled to said threshold selection tool for generating signals representative of the coordinates of the boundary of said object using said threshold grey value to self-calibrate; and

an angle finder for obtaining angles of selected segments of said boundary of said object and generating histogram data therefrom, said angle finder including a feature analyzer for obtaining candidate corners of said object having changing angles from a first segment to a second segment in excess of an angle threshold, and for analyzing the geometric properties of said candidate corners for correspondence to features being sought so that the dimensions of said candidate corners in said image can be determined, measured and reported to a host controller.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said threshold selection tool further comprises an artificial boundary creator for providing inputs to said boundary tracker that limit the area said boundary tracker analyzes, including limits that correspond to known dimensions of portions of said object in said image.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said angle finder further comprises:

a corner finder that locates candidate corners of said object as places around the boundary where the changing angle of each line segment from a first segment to a next segment around said boundary exceeds a user specified quantity and where the absolute orientation of said first line segment relative to a standard orientation of an element of said object is within a predetermined amount.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said image is a difference image created in a wirebonding system by subtracting a pre-bond image of said object from a post-bond image of said object.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said image is a post-bond image created in a wirebonding system.

6. A method of finding dimensions of an object in an image, in an image processing system having a binary boundary tracker comprising the steps of:

analyzing an element of said object, said element having known dimensions, to obtain a threshold grey value;

applying said binary boundary tracker for generating signals representative of the coordinates of the boundary of said object using said threshold grey value to self-calibrate; and

applying an angle finder for obtaining angles of selected segments of said boundary of said object and generating histogram data therefrom, said angle finder including a feature analyzer for obtaining candidate corners of said object having changing angles from a first segment to a second segment in excess of an angle threshold, and for analyzing the geometric properties of said candidate corners for correspondence to features being sought so that the dimensions of said candidate corners in said image can be determined, measured and reported to a host controller.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said analyzing step comprises:

applying a caliper device for finding and calculating the width of a representative portion of said object; and

generating a threshold value derived from said width calculated by said caliper device and transmitting said threshold value to said boundary tracker.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of applying an angle finder further comprises the step of applying a corner finder that locates candidate corners of said object as places around the boundary where the changing angle of each line segment from a first segment to a next segment around said boundary exceeds a user specified quantity and where the absolute orientation of said first line segment relative to a standard orientation of an element of said object is within a predetermined amount.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein said analyzing step comprises:

applying a caliper device for locating the edges of a representative portion of said object; and

generating a threshold value using the average grey scale value of pixels at said edges located by said caliper device and transmitting said threshold value to said boundary tracker.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein said analyzing step further comprises creating an artificial boundary for providing inputs to said boundary tracker that limit the area said boundary tracker analyzes, including limits that correspond to known dimensions of portions of said object in said image.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein said image is a difference image created in a wirebonding system by subtracting a pre-bond image of said object from a post-bond image of said object.

12. The method of claim 6, wherein said image is a post-bond image created in a wirebonding system.