Method and apparatus for utilizing the available bit rate in a constrained variable bit rate channel

• US 6,044,396 A
• Filed: 12/14/1995
• Issued: 03/28/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC (Charter Communications Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Time Warner Cable Inc. (Charter Communications Incorporated)
• Inventors: Adams, Michael B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Miller, John W.
• Application Number:
  US08/572,145
• Time in Patent Office: 1,566 Days
• Field of Search: 395/200.47, 395/200.48, 395/200.49, 348/6, 348/7, 348/12, 348/13, 348/723, 348/724, 348/384, 348/385, 348/386, 348/387, 348/390, 348/391, 348/423, 348/419, 455/3.1, 455/3.2, 455/4.1, 455/4.2, 455/5.1, 455/6.1, 370/537, 370/538, 370/540, 709/217-219
• US Class Current: 725/95
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/38 Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/42 Arrangements for resource management
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1688 the demands of the users being taken into account after redundancy removal, e.g. by predictive coding, by variable sampling reducing bandwidth of signals in general H04B1/66; in PCM-systems H04B14/046; removal of redundancy in telegraph communication H03M7/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/115 Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/152 by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/184 the unit being bits, e.g. of the compressed video stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/192 the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23406 involving management of server-side video buffer
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23614 Multiplexing of additional data and video streams arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information H04H20/28
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2365 Multiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23655 Statistical multiplexing, e.g. by controlling the encoder to alter its bitrate to optimize the bandwidth utilization
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2662 Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4347 Demultiplexing of several video streams

Abstract

A system for utilizing the available bit rate in a constrained variable bit rate channel is described. The system receives one or more encoded information streams, each having a variable bit rate. Rate control circuitry controls the rate of transmission of the encoded information streams so that the variable bit rate of the streams is transformed into a constrained variable bit rate, in which the variable bit rate is limited to a predetermined maximum value. A multiplexer multiplexes the encoded information streams for transmission over a channel. The channel may comprise a 6 MHz television channel. The multiplexer also multiplexes the encoded information streams with a secondary information stream for transmission over the channel. For purposes of multiplexer selection of information streams, the secondary information stream is assigned a lower priority than the encoded information streams. The encoded information streams may, for example, carry video data, whereas the secondary information stream may, for example, carry application data. The multiplexer may select from among the encoded information streams according to a round-robin scheme. The rate of the secondary information stream depends upon the rates of the encoded information streams. The rate of the secondary information stream may be controlled by a transmission control protocol, where the rate is adjusted by adjusting a transmit window of the protocol.

Claims

1. A method for communicating information onto a channel, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving at least one encoded information stream having a variable bit rate that is varied by external control other than the variations that can inherently occur in the information stream due to time-varying data and placing the encoded information stream into a buffer; and

controlling the rate of transmission of the at least one encoded information stream based on the degree of fullness of the buffer so that the variable bit rate of the at least one encoded information stream is transformed into a constrained variable bit rate.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of multiplexing the at least one encoded information stream for transmission over the channel.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one encoded information stream is multiplexed onto a 6 MHz television channel.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:

multiplexing the at least one encoded information stream with a secondary information stream for transmission over the channel, wherein the secondary information stream is selected for multiplexing with a lower priority than the at least one encoded information stream.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one encoded information stream comprises a plurality of encoded information streams, and the encoded information streams are selected for multiplexing from among each other according to a round robin scheme.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the rate of the secondary information stream being multiplexed depends upon the rate of the at least one encoded information stream.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rate of the secondary information stream is controlled by a transmission control protocol, and the rate is adjusted by adjusting a transmit window of the protocol.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one encoded information stream contains video data.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein the secondary information stream contains application data.

10. An apparatus for communicating information onto a channel, the apparatus comprising:

a buffer receptive of at least one encoded information stream having a variable bit rate that is varied by external control other than the variations that can inherently occur in the information stream due to time-varying data; and

a controller that controls the rate of transmission of the at least one encoded information stream based on the degree of fullness of the buffer so that the variable rate of the at least one encoded information stream is transformed into a constrained variable bit rate.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a multiplexer for multiplexing the at least one encoded information stream for transmission over the channel.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the channel is a 6 MHz television channel.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the multiplexer multiplexes the at least one encoded information stream with a secondary information stream for transmission over the channel, and the multiplexer selects the secondary information stream for multiplexing with a lower priority than the at least one encoded information stream.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, the at least one encoded information stream comprising a plurality of encoded information streams, wherein the multiplexer selects from among the encoded information streams according to a round robin scheme.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising means for controlling the rate of the secondary information stream based upon the rate of the at least one encoded information stream.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, the means for controlling the rate of the secondary information stream operating according to a transmission control protocol, wherein the rate is adjusted by adjusting a transmit window of the protocol.

17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one encoded information stream contains video data.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the secondary information stream contains application data.

19. A constrained variable bit rate encoder device, comprising:

a variable bit rate encoder receptive of video data, the variable bit rate encoder generating as an output compressed video data at a variable bit rate known as the encoder rate, the encoder rate being externally controllable;

a buffer receptive of the compressed video data;

a transmit processor that can access the compressed video data and transmit compressed video data at a variable rate known as the transmit rate, the transmit rate being externally controllable; and

a channel rate controller that is in communication with each of the variable bit rate encoder, the buffer, and the transmit processor, wherein the controller monitors the degree to which the buffer is full, and in response thereto the controller controls the encoder rate of the variable bit rate encoder and the transmit rate of the transmit processor to govern the overall rate at which the constrained variable bit rate encoder device outputs data.

20. A constrained variable bit rate encoder device as defined in claim 19, wherein the controller compares the degree of fullness of the buffer to a predetermined threshold.

21. A constrained variable bit rate encoder device as defined in claim 20, wherein the controller starts with a predetermined initial value for the encoder and transmit rates and has two modes of operation, an adjust encoder rate mode and an adjust transmit rate mode.

22. A constrained variable bit rate encoder device as defined in claim 21, wherein the predetermined initial values for the encoder and transmit rates are the maximum possible rates, and wherein the adjust transmit rate mode is initially entered if the degree of fullness of the buffer is less than the predetermined threshold and the adjust encoder rate mode is initially entered if the degree of fullness of the buffer is greater than the predetermined threshold.

23. A constrained variable bit rate encoder device as defined in claim 22, wherein the controller transitions from the adjust encoder rate mode to the adjust transmit rate mode when the transmit rate is at its maximum possible value and the degree of fullness of the buffer is greater than the predetermined threshold, and the controller transitions from the adjust transmit rate mode to the adjust encoder rate mode when the encoder rate is at its maximum possible value and the degree of fullness of the buffer is less than the predetermined threshold.

24. A method of constraining the variable bit rate of a video data stream to optimize the quality of the video image represented by the video data stream while minimizing the inefficiency of utilizing a bit rate that is any greater than necessary to optimize the quality of the video image and while preventing the bit rate from being higher than a predetermined threshold, the method comprising:

encoding the video data at a variable bit rate, the encoder rate;

storing the encoded data in a buffer;

transmitting the video data from the buffer at a variable rate, the transmit rate;

monitoring the degree of fullness of the buffer;

adjusting the encoder rate and the transmit rate in response to the degree of fullness of the buffer; and

limiting the transmit rate to be less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.