Amplifier with active bias compensation and method for adjusting quiescent current

• US 6,046,642 A
• Filed: 09/08/1998
• Issued: 04/04/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/08/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NXP USA, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Jones, Jeffrey K., Kaltenecker, Robert S., Agar, Bill Tabano Jr., Brayton, Daniel C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mottola, Steven J.
• Application Number:
  US09/149,520
• Time in Patent Office: 574 Days
• Field of Search: 330/289, 330/290, 330/296, 330/298, 330/310
• US Class Current: 330/296
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/301 in MOSFET amplifiers H03F1/303, H03F1/305, H03F1/308 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45392 the AAC comprising resistors in the source circuit of the AAC before the common source coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45498 the CSC comprising only resistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45542 the IC comprising bias stabilisation means, e.g. DC level stabilisation, and temperature coefficient dependent control, e.g. by DC level shifting
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45638 the LC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45089 Non-folded cascode stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45475 using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45538 Controlling the input circuit of the differential amplifier

Abstract

An active bias compensation circuit (110) senses a quiescent current flowing in an amplifier (130) and adjusts the quiescent current to maintain an optimal DC biasing of the amplifier (130) over a wide range of factors, e.g., temperature variation, process variation, history of the amplifier (130), etc. The compensation circuit (110) includes two transistors (101, 102) forming a difference amplifier. A sensing voltage proportional to the quiescent current and a reference voltage are applied to the base electrodes of the two transistors (101, 102), which generates a bias signal in response to a difference between the sensing voltage and the reference voltage. The bias signal adjusts the quiescent current in the amplifier (130).

Claims

1. An amplifier with active bias compensation, comprising:

a first amplification element having a bias terminal, and a current supply terminal coupled to a first voltage supply conductor via a sensing resistor;

an active bias compensation circuit having a first input and a second input coupled across the sensing resistor for sensing a quiescent current in the first amplification element, and an output coupled to the bias terminal of the first amplification element, wherein the active bias compensation circuit includes;

a first transistor having a control electrode coupled to the first input of the active bias compensation circuit, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode;

a second transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a reference voltage, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor, and a second current conducting electrode coupled to the output of the active bias compensation circuit;

a first resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first voltage supply conductor and a second electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor; and

a second resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second input of the active bias compensation circuit; and

a second amplification element having a quiescent current tracking the quiescent current in the first amplification element.

2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein:

the control electrode of the second transistor is coupled for receiving the reference voltage via a voltage divider; and

the voltage divider includes;

a third resistor having a first electrode coupled to the first voltage supply conductor and a second electrode coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor; and

a fourth resistor having a first electrode coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor and a second electrode coupled to a second voltage supply conductor.

3. An amplifier with active bias compensation, comprising:

a first amplification element having a bias terminal, and a current supply terminal coupled to a first voltage supply conductor via a sensing resistor;

an active bias compensation circuit having a first input and a second input coupled across the sensing resistor for sensing a quiescent current in the first amplification element, and an output coupled to the bias terminal of the first amplification element, wherein the active bias compensation circuit includes;

a first transistor having a control electrode coupled to the first input of the active bias compensation circuit, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode coupled to the output of the active bias compensation circuit;

a second transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a reference voltage, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor, and a second current conducting electrode;

a first resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first voltage supply conductor and a second electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor; and

a second resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second input of the active bias compensation circuit; and

a third resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the second transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second input of the active bias compensation circuit; and

a second amplification element having a quiescent current tracking the quiescent current in the first amplification element.

4. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier via at least one passive circuit element and no active elements and a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential.

5. The RF power amplifier of claim 4, wherein the second amplification element further has a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier via at least one passive circuit element that is different from the at least one passive circuit coupling the first amplification element.

6. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier, a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, an RF signal input coupled for receiving an RF signal of the RF power amplifier, and an RF signal output; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential, a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier, an RF signal input coupled to the RF signal output of the first amplification element and an RF signal output.

7. The RF power amplifier of claim 6, wherein:

the first amplification element is a small signal amplification element; and

the second amplification element is a large signal amplification element.

8. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier and a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, wherein the first amplification element is a quiescent current bias reference element; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential, a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier, and an RF signal input coupled for receiving an RF signal input to the RF power amplifier and an RF signal output.

9. The RF power amplifier of claim 8, further comprising a third amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier, a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential, an RF signal input coupled to the RF signal output of the second amplification element, and an RF signal output.

10. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier and a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, wherein the first amplification element includes;

a first transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a first RF input signal, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode;

a first alternating current signal blocking element having a first electrode coupled to the bias terminal of the first amplification element and a second electrode coupled to the control electrode of the first transistor; and

a first resistor having a first electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor and a second electrode coupled to the current supply terminal of the first amplification element; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential.

11. The RF power amplifier of claim 10, wherein first amplification element further includes:

a second transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a second RF input signal, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode;

a second alternating current signal blocking element having a first electrode coupled to the bias terminal of the first amplification element and a second electrode coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor; and

a second resistor having a first electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the second transistor and a second electrode coupled to the current supply terminal of the first amplification element.

12. The RF power amplifier of claim 11, wherein second amplification element includes:

a voltage divider having a first terminal coupled to the first operating potential, a second terminal coupled to a second operating potential, and a voltage output terminal;

a third transistor having a control electrode coupled to the voltage output terminal of the voltage divider, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor, and a second current conducting electrode coupled for transmitting a first RF output signal;

a fourth transistor having a control electrode coupled to the voltage output terminal of the voltage divider, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the second transistor, and a second current conducting electrode coupled for transmitting a second RF output signal;

a third alternating current signal blocking element having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the third transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second operating potential; and

a fourth alternating current signal blocking element having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the fourth transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second operating potential.

13. The RF power amplifier of claim 10, wherein the current supply terminal of the second amplification element is coupled to the first operating potential via the first transistor, the first resistor, and the sensing resistor, and wherein second amplification element includes:

a second transistor having a control electrode, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor, and a second current conducting electrode coupled for transmitting a first RF output signal;

a second alternating current signal blocking element having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the second transistor and a second electrode coupled to a second operating potential; and

a voltage divider having a first terminal coupled to the first operating potential, a second terminal coupled to the second operating potential, and a voltage output terminal coupled to the control electrode of the second transistor.

14. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output, wherein the difference amplifier includes;

a first resistor having a first electrode coupled to the first input of the difference amplifier, and a second electrode;

a first transistor having a control electrode coupled to the second input of the difference amplifier, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor, and a second current conducting electrode;

a second transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a reference voltage, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor, and a second current conducting electrode coupled to the output of the difference amplifier; and

a second resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor and a second electrode coupled to a second operating potential;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier and a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential.

15. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, comprising:

a sensing resistor having a first electrode coupled to a first operating potential, and a second electrode;

a difference amplifier having a first input coupled to the first electrode of the sensing resistor, a second input coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor, and an output, wherein the difference amplifier includes;

a first transistor having a control electrode coupled to the second input of the difference amplifier, a first current conducting electrode, and a second current conducting electrode coupled to the output of the difference amplifier;

a second transistor having a control electrode coupled for receiving a reference voltage, a first current conducting electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor, and a second current conducting electrode;

a first resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the first transistor and a second electrode coupled to a second operating potential;

a second resistor having a first electrode coupled to the second current conducting electrode of the second transistor and a second electrode coupled to the second electrode of the first resistor; and

a third resistor having a first electrode coupled to the first input of the difference amplifier and a second electrode coupled to the first current conducting electrode of the first transistor;

a first amplification element having a bias terminal coupled to the output of the difference amplifier and a current supply terminal coupled to the second electrode of the sensing resistor; and

a second amplification element having a current supply terminal coupled to the first operating potential.

16. A method for adjusting a quiescent current, comprising:

serially coupling a sensing resistor with a conduction path of a first amplification element;

establishing the quiescent current flowing through the conduction path of the first amplification element;

generating a sensing voltage across the sensing resistor;

generating a bias signal applied to a bias terminal of the first amplification element in accordance with the sensing voltage to adjust the quiescent current by applying the sensing voltage to a control electrode of a first transistor;

applying a reference voltage to a control electrode of a second transistor; and

adjusting the quiescent current flowing in the first amplification element to match a current flowing in the first transistor and a current flowing in the second transistor;

establishing a second quiescent current flowing through a conduction path of a second amplification element; and

adjusting the second quiescent current flowing through the conduction path of the second amplification element in accordance with the quiescent current flowing through the conduction path of the first amplification element.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the step of adjusting the second quiescent current includes the step of applying the bias signal to a bias terminal of the second amplification element to adjust the second quiescent current.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the step of establishing a second quiescent current includes the step of serially coupling the conduction path of the second amplification element with the first amplification element.