Spread spectrum receiver with multi-path cancellation

• US 6,047,017 A
• Filed: 07/25/1997
• Issued: 04/04/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CSR Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: SIRF Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kohli, Sanjai, Cahn, Charles R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Chi H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bayard, Emmanuel
• Application Number:
  US08/900,622
• Time in Patent Office: 984 Days
• Field of Search: 375/200, 375/206, 375/208, 375/209, 375/204, 375/210, 375/285, 375/316, 375/326, 375/339, 375/346, 375/130, 375/136, 375/137, 375/147, 375/140, 375/148, 370/320, 370/335, 370/342, 370/441
• US Class Current: 375/148
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 22/00 Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/11 wherein the cooperating elements are pseudolites or satellite radio beacon positioning system signal repeaters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/22 Multipath-related issues
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/29 carrier including Doppler, related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/30 code related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/37 Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/47 the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7085 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7115 Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/70706 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70715 with application-specific features

Abstract

A terrestrial C/A code GPS receiver system digitally samples, filters and stores a segment of 11 half chips of the received composite as a binary number and multiplexes this number for parallel correlation with each of a series of multibit code replicas for the satellites to be tracked. Multipath interference is canceled by deriving code phase timing from a model of the signal being tracked in each satellite channel. The model includes weighted, time delayed components of a plurality of time shifted versions of the code. A feedback control loop is used to match the amplitude profile of the model to the amplitude profile of the signal as received. The earliest version of the code having significant amplitude components may be used as the prompt code or the prompt code phase may be selected to be between the first and second versions of the code having significant amplitude components.

Claims

1. A spread spectrum receiver, comprising:

means for forming a composite of direct path and multipath coded spread spectrum signal components from a plurality of satellites;

means for generating a model of the direct path and multipath signal components from a selected one of the satellites; and

means responsive to the direct path component of the model for deriving information from the composite related to the selected satellite.

2. The invention of claim 1 wherein the means for deriving information further comprises:

means for correlating a replica of a satellite specific code with the composite to track the signals from the selected satellite.

3. The invention of claim 2, wherein the replica is correlated with the composite in phase with the direct path component of the model.

4. The invention of claim 1, wherein the means for generating a model further comprises:

means for separately weighting time delayed components of the model to correspond to an amplitude profile of the signals as received.

5. The invention of claim 4, wherein the means for weighting components of a model further comprises:

feedback control means for adjusting an amplitude profile of the components of the model to match the amplitude profile of the signals as received.

6. The invention of claim 4, wherein the means for generating a model further comprises:

means for generating the components of the model in response to a replica of the code;

a summer for summing the components to form the model; and

means for adjusting the weighting of the components by comparing the model to the signals as received.

7. The invention of claim 6, wherein the means for generating the components of the model further comprises:

a finite impulse response filter.

8. The invention of claim 6, wherein the means for generating a model further comprises:

nav message means for adjusting the model to compensate for navigation modulation applied to the signals from the satellites.

9. The invention of claim 8, wherein the nav message means further comprises:

means for stripping the navigation modulation from the signals as received before comparing the model to the signals as received.

10. The invention of claim 8, wherein the nav message means further comprises:

means for generating and processing a second model 180°

out of phase with the model; and

means for selectively replacing the model with the second model in response to the navigation modulation.

11. A method of operating a spread spectrum receiver in the presence of multipath signal interference comprising the steps of:

tracking spread spectrum signals with a model of multipath and direct path components of the signals from a selected source; and

correlating the spread spectrum signals as received with a replica of the direct path components of said model.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of tracking spread spectrum signals further comprises the steps of:

forming a model including a plurality of weighted, time delayed components of the signals received from the selected source; and

adjusting the weightings of the time delayed components to make the model correspond to the signals as received.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of forming a model further comprises the steps of:

forming a plurality of sets of separately weighted, time delayed components of the model from an increasingly time shifted version of a replica of code modulation applied to the signals from the selected source;

superimposing the plurality of sets of separately time delayed components to form a model having a summed set of weighted, time delayed components;

comparing the summed set to the signals as received; and

adjusting the separate weightings of each of the plurality of sets so that the model is equal to the signals as received.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of correlating the spread spectrum signals further comprises the steps of:

generating the replica;

adjusting the code phase of the replica in response to weightings of the components of the model.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of:

compensating the model for a second modulation applied to the signals from the selected source.

16. A method of processing GPS signals in a multipath environment, comprising the steps of:

applying a digital representation of a composite of spread spectrum signals received from a plurality of satellites to a satellite specific carrier tracking channel including carrier phase rotation and code correlation at a code phase; and

deriving the code phase by analysis of the composite before code correlation.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of deriving the code phase further comprises the steps of:

tracking the time varying amplitude of the composite in the tracking channel.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of tracking the amplitude of the composite further comprises the steps of:

forming a satellite specific model of the composite including a plurality of separately weighted, time delayed components; and

adjusting the weightings in response to the amplitude of the composite.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of forming a satellite specific model of the composite further comprises the steps of:

summing sets of separately weighted, time shifted components of the C/A code used in the code correlation; and

adjusting the model to compensate for navigation message modulation applied to the spread spectrum signals.