Fuel cell platelet separators having coordinate features

• US 6,051,331 A
• Filed: 09/28/1997
• Issued: 04/18/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 10/12/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: H Power Corporation (Plug Power Inc.)
• Original Assignee: H Power Corporation (Plug Power Inc.)
• Inventors: Hodge, Rex, Spear, Reginald G. Jr., Mueggenburg, H. Harry
• Primary Examiner(s): KALAFUT, STEPHEN J
• Application Number:
  US08/809,990
• Time in Patent Office: 933 Days
• Field of Search: 429/12, 429/26, 429/34, 429/35, 429/38, 429/39
• US Class Current: 429/413
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 9/0075 the plates having openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 2250/102 with change of flow direction
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 2260/02 having microchannels
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 3/04 the means being integral with the element
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 3/048 in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0202 Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0206 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0208 Alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/021 Alloys based on iron
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0228 in the form of layered or coated products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0234 Carbonaceous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0245 in the form of layered or coated products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0247 characterised by the form characterised by a channel configuration H01M8/0258
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0256 Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/026 characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0263 having meandering or serpentine paths
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0267 having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04029 Heat exchange using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04074 Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04119 : with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2404 : Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/242 : comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets H01M8/2425, H01M8/244 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2483 : characterised by internal manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Fuel cell stacks comprising stacked separator/membrane electrode assembly fuel cells in which the separators comprise a series of thin sheet platelets, having individually configured serpentine micro-channel reactant gas humidification active areas and cooling fields therein. The individual platelets are stacked with coordinate features aligned in contact with adjacent platelets and bonded to form a monolithic separator. Post-bonding processing includes passivation, such as nitriding. Preferred platelet material is 4-25 mil Ti, in which the features, serpentine channels, tabs, lands, vias, manifolds and holes, are formed by chemical and laser etching, cutting, pressing or embossing, with combinations of depth and through etching preferred. The platelet manufacturing process is continuous and fast. By employing CAD based platelet design and photolithography, rapid change in feature design can accommodate a wide range of thermal management and humidification techniques. One hundred H₂ --O₂ /PEM fuel cell stacks of this IFMT platelet design will exhibit outputs on the order of 0.75 kW/kg, some 3-6 times greater than the current graphite plate PEM stacks.

Claims

1. A polar fuel cell separator comprising in operative combination a plurality of platelets of sheet material;

each platelet having features formed individually therein, said features being selected from at least one of metering orifices, channels, vias, and manifolds;

said features are coordinate from platelet to platelet to provide at least one active area microchannel field; and

said platelets are bonded together to form a monolithic separator for use in contact with an electrolyte membrane assembly in a fuel cell stack.

2. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 1 which includes features forming at least one humidification field for a fuel or an oxidant.

3. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 2 which includes at least one coolant field.

4. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 3 wherein said coolant field communicates with at least one of said humidification fields to provide heated humidification fluid to said humidification field.

5. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 1 wherein said features are formed by a combination of depth etching and through etching.

6. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 5 wherein said platelets are bonded by gluing, or by diffusion, welding, brazing or soldering under heat and pressure, to form said monolithic separator.

7. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 6 wherein said separator is a bipolar separator comprising an anode side and a cathode side, and said field channels are tailored in length, micro-channel cross section dimension, and serpentine configuration to the gas composition and viscosity.

8. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 6 wherein said separator fields include an H₂ humidification field, and an Air/O₂ humidification field.

9. A polar fuel cell separator as in claim 8 wherein said separator fields includes at east one coolant field.

10. A fuel cell stack comprising in operative combination a plurality of cells, each cell comprising:

i) at least one bipolar separator and membrane electrode assemblies in a stacked array;

ii) an anode separator end plate at one end of said stack in contact with one of said membrane electrode assemblies and iii) a cathode separator end plate at a second end of said stack in contact with a membrane electrode assembly;

said bipolar separator, and said anode and cathode separators are separators as in claim 1; and

said cells are assembled in sequence under compression to form an operating cell.

11. A fuel cell stack as in claim 10 wherein at least one of said separators include features forming at least one humidification field for a fuel or an oxidant, and at least one coolant field in communication with said humidification field to provide heated fluid to said humidification field.

12. A fuel cell stack as in claim 11 wherein said fields are tailored in length, micro-channel cross-section dimension and serpentine configuration for H₂ as fuel and Air/O₂ as an oxidant.

13. A fuel cell stack as in claim 12 wherein said separators are formed of diffusion bonded metal selected from Ti, Al, Cu, W, Niobium, stainless steel, alloys, laminates, platings and composites thereof;

said membrane electrode assembly is selected from a carbon paper coated PEM and a carbon paperless PEM, and said separators include a window frame platelet in contact with said carbon paper coated PEM or a window screen platelet in contact with said carbon paperless PEM.